^  0    001064  883   0 


HOWARD  COLLEGE  BULLETIN 


Vol.  Lxxxm 


April,  1925 


No.   5 


Howard  Coflege 


Stud 


les 


by  members  of  the  Faculty  of  Howard  College,  un- 
der the  editorial  supervision  of  John  C.  Dawson 


CONTENTS 


A   Critical   Bibliography   of   the   Pamphlet   Literature 
Published  in  France  Between  July  5  and  December 
\  27,1  788 Mitchell  Bennett  Garrett 

Book  Review Edward  H.  Reisner 


PUBLISHED  AT 

HOWARD  COLLEGE 

BIRMINGHAM.  ALA. 

Entered  as  second-class  matter,  December  27,  1908.  at  the  Post  Office  at  Birming- 
ham, Ala.,  under  the  Act  of  July  19,  1894 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA, 
LlflRARY. 

COS  ANOCLES,  CALIF. 


PREVIOUS  ISSUES 
Vol.  LXXX.  June,  1922  No.  3 

CONTENTS 

The  Brochures  on  the  Eve  of  the  Elections  to  the  States  General 

1-20 Mitchell  Bennett  Garrett 

The  Rise  of  Alabama  20-41 James  Albert  Hendricks 

Jones  Very  42-60 Percy  Pratt  Burns 

Shakespeare  and  the  Troy  Story  67-131 French  Haynes 

The  Little  Flower  of  Encouragement  in  the  Poetic  Contests  of 

The  College  of  Rhetoric  at  Toulouse  132-138 John  C.  Dawson 

Vol..  LXXX  October,  1922  No.  4 

CONTENTS 
Public  Health  As  a  Gauge  of  Civilization Carey  P.  McCord 

Vol.  LXXXI  March,  1923  Special  Issue 

CONTENTS 

Bibliography  of  Alabama  Authors Caroline  P.  Engsfeldt 

Second  Edition  (revised  and  enlarged)  June,  1923. 

Vol.  LXXXI  July,  1923  No.  a 

CONTENTS 
The  Beginning  of  the  French  Revolution M.  B.  Garrett 


v::>'■■L^ 


HOWARD    COLLEGE    BULLETIN 

Vol.  LXXXIII  April,  1925  No.  5 

HOWARD     COLLEGE    STUDIES 


A  Critical  Bibliography  of  the  Pamphlet  Literature 

Published  in  France  Between  July  5 

and  December  27,  1 788 

By  MITCHELL  B.  GARRETT 

On  July  5,  1788,  an  arret  du  conseil  announced  that  the  convo- 
cation of  the  States  General  was  near  at  hand  but  that  the  government 
^J.         needed  information  concerning  the  manner  of  procedure.     In  conse- 
CJ  quence  the  municipal  officers  of  the  cities  and  communities  of  the 

c-  kingdom  were  required  to  search  at  once  in  the  archives  of  their  respec- 
bo  tive  cities  and  communities  for  pertinent  documents  and  to  send  the 
documents  when  found  to  the  syndics  of  the  provincial  estates  and 
P  provincial  assemblies.  The  intention  of  his  majesty  was  that  the  said 
estates  and  assemblies  should  study  the  documents,  formulate  opinions 
based  thereon,  and  submit  reports  to  the  keeper  of  the  seals.  The 
king  at  the  same  time  invited  all  scholars  and  well-informed  persons 
to  submit  to  the  keeper  of  the  seals  reports  and  information.  As  soon 
as  the  reports  and  information  from  all  these  sources  should  have 
reached  the  keeper  of  the  seals,  an  account  of  them  would  be  rendered 
to  his  majesty,  who  would  then  be  in  position  to  convoke  the  States 
General  in  such  a  way  as  to  make  the  assembly  national  and  regular. 

In  response  to  this  arret  a  vast  amount  of  documentary  informa- 
tion flowed  in  upon  the  government  and  may  be  found  today  in  the 
Archives  Nationales,  B%  1-89,  and  transcribed  in  series  Biii,  1-174, 
particularly  in  ten  registers,  Biii,  164-174.  The  dates  of  the  numerous 
reports  vary  all  the  way  from  July  to  December  and  even  later.  The 
extent  to  which  the  government  made  use  of  these  documents  can 
only  be  surmised.  On  November  6  Necker  called  the  attention  of 
the  notables  to  the  fact  that  the  government  had  on  hand  a  collection 
of  pertinent  documents,  in  charge  of  two  or  three  expert  archivists, 
for  the  benefit  and  convenience  of  the  assembly.  This  collection  was 
probably  made  from  the  reports  sent  in  from  various  parts  of  the 
kingdom. 


66412 


3  Howard  College  Bulletin 

The  arret  of  July  5,  it  is  true,  did  not  invite  anybody  to  publish 
the  results  of  his  researches,  but  the  transition  from  a  manuscript 
report  to  a  printed  pamphlet  is  easy.  If  a  man  were  especially  well 
pleased  with  the  results  of  his  labor,  he  would  be  naturally  inclined 
to  make  two  manuscript  copies  of  his  report,  and  send  one  to  the 
keeper  of  the  seals  for  information  and  the  other  to  the  printer  for 
publication.  Indeed,  now  that  the  king  had  called  for  information, 
it  was  regarded  as  a  patriotic  duty  to  write  and  publish.  But  it  is 
to  be  noted  that  writers  for  the  most  part  preferred,  from  a  lingering 
fear  of  the  censorship,  to  take  refuge  in  anonymity.  Pamphlets  simply 
began  to  appear  in  the  bookstalls  from  nowhere  in  particular,  without 
any  indication  of  the  date  or  place  of  publication,  and  were  sold 
to  the  reader  for  a  few  sous  the  copy.  If  a  pamphlet  proved  to  be  a 
good  seller,  it  was  shamelessly  pirated  by  any  publisher  who  would, 
reprinted  with  a  new  title  perhaps  and  attributed,  it  may  be,  to  some 
well  known  man  who  may  or  may  not  have  been  its  author. 

Droz,  whose  history  is  almost  a  source  for  this  period,  tells  us 
that  in  the  last  three  months  of  1788  someone  bought  twenty-five 
hundred  of  these  pamphlets  and  even  then  his  collection  was  far  from 
complete.  This  statement  has  been  frequently  quoted  by  later  his- 
torians to  adorn  a  tale,  but  I  am  convinced  that  the  impression  con- 
veyed by  it  is  erroneous.  There  is  no  doubt  that  pamphlets  appeared 
during  the  latter  half  of  1788  in  such  profusion  as  to  astonish  con- 
temporaries, but  they  did  not  fall  like  autumn  leaves.  When  con- 
temporaries condescend  to  be  specific,  they  mention  the  appearance  of 
pamphlets  at  the  rate  of  three  or  four  a  day  in  November  {Gazette  de 
Leyde,  No.  94),  ten  or  a  dozen  a  day  in  December  {Le  comte  de  Fersen 
et  la  cour  de  France,  I.  xlv),  and  four  or  five  a  day  in  the  following 
January  (Ibid.).  Making  due  allowance  for  the  possibility  of  exag- 
geration on  the  part  of  astonished  and  displeased  contemporaries,  I 
am  inclined  to  believe  that  less  than  five  hundred  pamphlets  written 
by  individuals  appeared  in  France  between  July  5  and  December  27, 
1788.  In  the  list  below,  the  reader  will  find,  if  I  have  counted  cor- 
rectly, two  hundred  ninety. 

The  earliest  pamphlets  were  for  the  most  part  historical  treatises 
on  the  national  assemblies  of  France,  written  in  response  to  the  arret 
of  July  5;  but  after  the  recall  of  Necker,  and  especially  after  the  arrete 
of  the  Parlement  of  Paris  on  September  25,  defenders  of  the  rights 
of  the  third  estate  entered  actively  upon  the  scene  and  showed  a 
marked  disposition  to  discard  history  and  appeal  to  the  dictates  of 
reason  and  justice.  Many  writers  thus  distinguished  themselves  and 
were  afterwards  elected  to  the  States  General  as  deputies  of  the  third 
estate. 


Howard  College  Studies  3 

Of  only  a  few  pamphlets  can  the  place  of  publication  be  deter- 
mined with  precision,  but  it  is  safe,  I  think,  to  assume  that  most  of 
them  were  published  at  Paris.  Paris  seems  to  have  been  the  center 
of  distribution,  and,  even  though  a  pamphlet  might  have  been  first 
published  in  a  provincial  city,  it  was  likely  to  be  published  again,  if  it 
had  proved  to  be  popular,  at  the  capital. 

The  date  of  many  pamphlets  can  be  determined  roughly  and  in 
some  cases  precisely  from  internal  evidence,  by  cross  references,  or  in 
some  other  way.  The  Correspondance  litferaire,  philosophique  et 
critique  de  Grimm  et  de  Diderot  (Nouvelle  edition,  Paris,  1831),  the 
manuscript  Journal  of  S.-P.  Hardy  (Bibliotheque  Nationale,  Depart- 
ment of  Maunscripts,  6680-6687),  and  a  few  contemporary  newspapers 
contain  references  to  pamphlets  under  dates  more  or  less  definite.  For 
the  names  of  the  writers,  when  these  are  not  appended  to  the  titles  of 
the  pamphlets,  I  have  been  dependent  almost  wholly  upon  the  authority 
of  the  Dictionnaire  des  ouvrages  anonymes,  par  Ant.-Alex.  Barbier. 
Troisieme  edition,  revue  et  augmentee  par  MM.  Olivier  Barbier,  Rene 
et  Paul  Billard  de  la  Bibliotheque  Nationale  (Paris,  1872). 


Pamphlets  Published  Between  July  5  and  September  25. 

Chronologie  raisonnee  des  etats  generaux,  les  plus  interessants, 
avec  I'analyse  des  celebres  etats  de  Tours  sous  Charles  VIII,  faisant 
suite  a  la  brochure  intitidee  ''Des  etats  generaux  et  de  leur  convoca- 
tion", accompagnee  d'un  catalogue  tres  nombreux  de  livres  stir  cette 
matiere  et  sur  I'histoire  de  France.  Paris,  1788.  Pp.  63.  The  pamph- 
let mentioned  in  the  title  was  published  before  August  15  (See  below). 
The  present  pamphlet,  which  was  a  "suite"  of  the  other,  was  published 
probably  in  September. 

Considerations  interessantes  sur  les  affaires  presentes,  par  M***. 
Seconde  edition,  Londres  et  Paris,  1788.  Pp.  207.  The  first  edition  ap- 
peared in  May,  1788,  and  the  second  in  the  following  August  (See 
Observations  sur  I'egalite  de  representation  prononcee  par  le  roi  en 
faveur  du  tiers  etat S.  I.,  1789,  p.  24).  The  second  edition  con- 
tains (pp.  194-207)  Observations  sur  I'arret  du  conseil  du  16  aout  1788. 
In  concluding  these  latter  Observations  the  author  says  :  "A  I'instant  ou 
Ton  termine  I'impression  de  cet  ouvrage,  Ton  apprend  que  Sa  Majeste 
a  fait  choix  de  M.  Necker,  pour  le  placer  a  la  tete  de  ses  finances". 
According  to  Barbier  the  author  was  Mignonneau,  but  I  have  not  been 


4  Howard  College  Bulletin 

able  to   find  any  information  about  Mignonneau.     The  pamphlet  is 
mentioned  in  Gazette  de  France,  No.  76,  under  date  of  September  19, 

1788. 

Coup  d'oeil  rapide,  ou  notice  historiqiie  siir  les  assemhlees  des  etats 
generaux  du  royaume  depuis  I'etablissement  de  la  monarchie,  etc. 
Amsterdam;  et  se  trouve  a  Paris,  chez  Lagrange,  1788.  Pp.  152. 
Written  in  response  to  the  King's  request  for  information  in  the  arret 
of  July  5.  On  page  11  is  a  reference  to  the  arret  of  August  8.  Men- 
tioned in  the  Journal  general  de  France,  No.  122,  under  date  of  Octo- 
ber 9.    Published  probably  before  September  25. 

Dialogue  entre  deux  ignorants  bons  citoyens  et  attaches  de  bonne 
foi  I'un  au  roi,  I'autre  aux  parlements.  S.  I.,  Juillet  2788  (sic).  Pp.  32. 
The  date  seems  to  be  July,  1788. 

Dissertation  sur  le  point  de  savoir  si  le  roi  de  France  a  le  droit 
exclusif  d'assembler  les  etats  generaux.  S.  I.,  1788.  I  have  found 
nothing  to  indicate  the  month  of  publication.  Another  edition  bears 
the  title  Dissertation  sur  le  droit  de  convoquer  les  etats  generaux,  tiree 
des  capitulaires,  des  ordonnances  du  royaume  et  des  autres  monuments 
de  I'histoire  de  France.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  62. 

Dolcances  sur  les  surcharges  que  les  gens  du  peuple  supportent 
en  toiite  espece  d'impots;  avec  des  observations  historiques  et  politiques 
sur  I'origine  et  les  accroisscments  de  la  taille;  sur  I'assujettissement  du 
tiers  etat  au  paiement  de  la  totalite  de  ce  tribut,  et  sur  les  moyens 
legitimes  de  soulager  les  taillables  et  de  retablir  les  finances  sans 
recourir  a  nouveaux  impots.  Par  M.  J.  F.  Gaultier  de  Biauzat,  avocat 
en  parlement,  membre  du  conseil  nomme  par  I'assemblee  provinciale 
d'Auvergne.  S.  L,  1788.  Pp.  xi-248.  On  page  iv  is  a  reference  to 
the  arret  of  July  5.  The  author  was  elected  deputy  of  the  third  estate 
to  the  States  General,  for  Clermont-Ferrand;  sat  on  the  left  and  played 
an  active  role;  held  office  under  Napoleon;  died  in  1815.  This  pamph- 
let has  only  an  incidental  reference  to  the  States  General  (p.  80). 

Les  droits  du  peuple.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  22.  Contains  a  reference 
to  the  arret  of  July  5.  Published  probably  in  August,  1788.  Shows 
little  reverence  for  Louis  XVI  and  his  queen. 

Les  droits  nationaux  et  les  privileges  du  Dauphine  mis  en  parallele 
avec  les  nouveaux  actes  transcrits  militairement  sur  les  registres  des 
cours  souveraines  du  royaume  le  mois  de  nuii  dernier.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  32. 


Howard  College  Studies  5 

Entretien  entre  un  paysan  et  un  voyageur  en  Bretagne.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  16.  August  14,  1788,  according  to  a  manuscript  note  on  the  copy 
in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale.  The  peasant  and  the  traveler  discuss 
the  decrees  of  May  8,  1788.  — ■ 

Bssai  historique  sur  les  etats  generaiix  et  avis  a  la  nation.  S.  I., 
1788.  Pp.  36.  On  page  30  is  a  reference  to  the  fall  of  Brienne  and 
the  recall  of  Necker.    Published  probably  in  September. 

Des  etats  generaux,  de  lenr  forme  et  de  la  cause  de  lenr  convoca- 
tion. S.  L,  1788.  Pp.  116.  Written  in  response  to  the  arret  of  July  5 
which  the  author  says  had  just  appeared  (pp.  1-2).  The  same  pamph- 
let appeared  under  two  other  titles :  (a)  Forme  et  ceremonial  des  etats 
generaux  et  cause  de  leur  convocation;  contenant  un  recueil  historique 
de  tous  les  etats  generaux  tenus  par  les  rois  de  France.  (S.  I.,  1788. 
Pp.  80),  and  (b)  Precis  historique  sur  les  etats  generaux.  Geneve  et 
Paris,  1788.     Pp.  116. 

Des  etats  generaux  et  de  leur  convocation,  avec  la  chronologic  des 
etats  generaux  par  Savaron,  et  I'analyse  des  fameux  etats  assembles  a 
Tours,  qui  comprend  I'ordre  et  les  noms  des  deputes  par  bailliages,  etc.; 
un  plan  nouveau  suivi  de  Vindication  des  meilleurs  ouvrages  imprimes 

ou  munuscrits Villefranche  et  Paris,  1788.     Pp.  88.     This 

pamphlet  is  mentioned  in  the  Gazette  de  France  (No.  66,  p.  286)  under 
date  of  August  15,  1788,  and  in  the  Journal  general  de  France  (No.  99) 
under  date  of  August  16.  The  latter  gives  the  localization  as  Paris, 
1788,  and  the  number  of  pages  as  76.  Evidently  this  was  another  edi- 
tion. The  pamphlet  was  written  in  response  to  the  arret  of  July  5. 
At  the  end  is  a  bibliography  of  sixteen  pages.  For  the  "suite"  of  this 
pamphlet  see  above:    Chronologic  raisonnee,  etc. 

Des  etats  generaux,  ou  histoire  des  assemblies  nationales  en 
France,  des  personnes  qui  les  ont  composees,  de  leur  forme,  de  leur 
influence,  et  des  oh  jets  qui  y  ont  ete  particulierement  trait  es.  Par  M. 
Delandine,  avocat,  correspondant  de  I'Academie  des  Inscriptions,  des 
Academies  de  Londres,  Rouen,  Nimes,  Dijon,  Arras,  Bourg-en-Bresse, 
Villefranche,  et  bibliothecaire-ad joint  de  celle  de  Lyon.  Paris,  chez 
Cuchet,  libraire,  rue  et  hotel  Serpente,  1788,  sous  le  privilege  de 
Lyon.  Pp.  xxii-279.  The  manuscript  of  this  pamphlet  was  approved 
by  the  Academy  of  Lyons  on  August  19,  1788,  and  published  probably 
soon  afterwards.  This  is  perhaps  the  most  scholarly  of  all  the  his- 
torical pamphlets  written  in  response  to  the  arret  of  July  5.  The  author 
was  elected  to  the  States  General  as  deputy  of  the  third  estate  for 
Montbrison.  Arrested  in  1793,  he  remained  in  prison  till  the  9th 
Thermidor.  He  died  in  1820.  During  the  last  seventeen  years  of  his 
life  he  was  a  bibliothecaire  in  his  native  Lyons, 


6  Howard  College  Bulletin 

Forme  et  ceremonial  des  etats  generaux  et  cause  de  leur  convoca- 
tion. See  above :  Des  etats  generaux,  de  leur  forme  et  de  la  cause  de 
leur  convocation. 

La  France  regeneree,  ouvrage  public  par  numeros.  Par  M.  Brun 
de  la  Combe,  pretre,  licencie  es  loix,  etc.  Londres  et  Paris,  1788. 
Pp.  35.  At  the  end  of  the  pamphlet  this  appears :  "Acheve  le  28  juillet ; 
livre  a  I'impression  le  2  septembre;  et  presente,  le  8  du  meme  mois, 
au  roi,  a  la  famille  royale  et  aux  ministres  d'etat".  Written  in  response 
to  the  arret  of  July  5.  For  another  pamphlet  by  the  same  author,  see 
below,  Section  III,  Aux  notables  assembles,  etc. 

Je  in  en  rapporte  a  tout  le  monde,  ou  reflexions  impartiales  sur 
les  affaires  actuelles.  Londres,  1788.  Pp.  126.  On  page  16  the  fol- 
lowing appears  in  a  foot-note:  "Depuis  que  ces  reflexions  sont  sous 
presse,  il  a  paru  un  arret  du  conseil  qui  fixe  la  tenue  des  etats  generaux 
au  premier  mai  prochain".  This  is  a  reference  to  the  arret  of  August 
8.  Mentioned  in  the  Gazette  de  France,  No.  69,  under  date  of  August 
26,  1788. 

Lettre  a  monseigneur  de  Lamoignon,  garde  des  sceaux.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  8.    Scurrilous;  published  probably  in  September. 

Lettre  a  un  due  et  pair.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  4.  The  letter  is  dated 
September  8. 

Lettre  d'un  citoyen  a  M.  le  comte  rfe***  sur  la  conduite  du  ministre 
principal,  sur  V arret  du  conseil  du  5  juillet  1788  et  sur  I'autorite  des 
etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  20.  The  author  has  no  confidence  in 
the  ministry. 

Lettre  d'un  gentilhomme  bourguignon  d  un  gentilhomme  breton. 
— Remontrances  projetees  pour  I'asseniblee  de  la  noblesse  de  Bourgogne, 
Aout  1788.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  48. 

Lettre  de  Michel  Blanchard,  magistcr  du  village  de  Moivieux,  a 
Monseigneur  Georges  le  Franc  de  Pompignan,  archeveque  de  Vienne. 
S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  12.    Letter  dated  August  8,  1788. 

Lettre  du  comte  de  Sanois  a  Monsieur  Necker,  sur  son  rappel  au 
ministere,  sur  le  prompt  retablissement  de  la  justice  et  la  prochaine 
convocation  des  etats  generaux.  Yverdon,  1788.  Pp.  8.  At  the  end 
of  the  letter  is  the  following :  "A  Neuchatel  en  Suisse  le  2  de  septembre 
1788.    Imprime  a  Yverdon  1788". 

Lettre  du  pape  au  roi,  envoy ee  de  Rome  le  7  septembre  1788. 
S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  7.     Sarcastic  pamphlet  against  Brienne, 


Howard  College  Studies  7 

Lettre  ecrite  an  roi  par  les  trois  ordres  de  la  province  de  Dauphine 
assembles  a  Romans,  le  14  septemhre  1788. — Lettre  ecrite  a  M.  Necker. 
S.l.n.d.    Pp.  8. 

Lettres  a  M.  Necker,  ministre  d'etat  et  directeur  general  des 
finances.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  27.  Two  letters:  one  dated  August  5  and 
the  other  August  28.    Each  letter  is  signed  B***. 

Lettres  d'ltn  citoyen  des  Btats-Unis  a  un  Francais  sur  les  affaires 
presentes,  par  M.  le  M***  de  C***.  Philadelphia,  1788.  Two  letters 
with  separate  pagination,  16,  22.  At  the  end  of  the  second  letter  this 
appears :  "J'achevais  cette  lettre  lorsque  I'arret  du  conseil  sur  la  con- 
vocation des  etats  generaux  a  paru.  La  nation  est  consultee  sur  la 
forme  de  cette  assemblee  d'une  maniere  aussi  reguliere  que  sa  consti- 
tution actuelle  peut  le  permettre".  The  reference  is  to  the  arret  of 
July  5.  The  author,  according  to  Barbier,  was  the  Marquis  de 
Condorcet. 

Memoire  au  roi  par  M.  le  comte  de*^^,  public  par  des  motifs  que 
la  suite  des  evenements  apprendra.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  9.  On  page  5  is  a 
reference  to  June  20.    The  pamphlet  was  published  probably  in  July. 

Memoire  sur  la  prochaine  tenue  des  etats  generaux  et  sur  les  objets 
qui  doivent  y  etre  mis  en  deliberation,  par  M.  D.  L.  C.  A  Villefranche, 
et  se  trouve  a  Paris,  chez  les  marchands  de  nouvautes,  1788.  Pp.  15. 
Another  edition  has  24  pages  and  bears  the  author's  name :  "M.  De  La 
Croix,  avocat  au  parlement."  The  localization  is  the  same  as  the  above. 
In  the  Archives  Nationales,  B^.  3,  there  is  a  manuscript  copy  of  this 
pamphlet  signed  by  Delacroix.  In  the  same  carton  is  a  printed  copy, 
around  which  is  folded  a  letter  signed  by  Delacroix  and  addressed  to 
Necker.  The  letter  states  that  the  pamphlet  was  ready  for  the  printer 
on  July  31.  Mentioned  in  the  Journal  general  de  France,  No.  121, 
under  date  of  October  7.  Written  in  response  to  the  arret  of  July  5. 
The  author  was  born  at  Paris  in  1743  and  died  at  Versailles  in  1832. 
Eminent  as  an  avocat  and  litterateur.  He  was  not  elected  to  the  States 
General. 

Memoire  sur  les  etats  generaux,  ou  V on  a  reuni  tous  les  details 
relatifs  a  la  convocation  aux  assemblies  de  bailliages,  de  villes  et  de 
paroisses,  au  nombre  et  a  la  forme  de  deliberation  que  Von  suit  dans 

les  etats Lausanne  et  Paris,  1788.     Pp.  vi-188.    On  Page  1  is 

the  author's  name:  L'Abbe  Desprez.  Written  in  response  to  the 
arret  of  July  5,  the  manuscript  of  this  pamphlet  was  read  by  the  author 
to  the  Assembly  of  the  Clergy  of  France  at  Paris  on  August  5.  In  the 
place  of  a  preface  a  letter  appears  dated  at  Paris,  September  4,  1788. 


8  Howard  College  Bulletin 

This  pamphlet  answers  very  well  the  demand  made  in  the  arret  of 
July  5  for  information  concerning  the  States  General.  Mentioned  in 
the  Journal  general  de  France  (No.  137,  p.  545)  under  date  of  Novem- 
ber 13,  1788. 

M.  de  Calonne  justifie  juridiquement  sur  la  refonte  des  louis,  ou 
resultat  des  experiences  faites  authentiquement  sur  les  anciens  louis 
S.l,  1788.    Pp.  35.    Dated  August  5,  1788. 

Observations  sur  I' arret  du  conseil  du  5  juillet  1788.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  3.  The  author  warns  his  readers  that  the  arret  is  only  a  ministerial 
snare, 

Au  peuple  sur  ses  vrais  interets.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  15.  Mentioned  by 
Hardy  in  his  Journal  under  date  of  July  18,  1788.  He  says  that  it  was 
published  by  the  administration  against  the  parlements  and  spread  in 
the  capital  and  the  provinces  with  "a  culpable  profusion". 

Precis  historique  sur  les  etats  generaux.  See  above:  Des  etats 
generaux,  de  leur  forme  et  de  la  cause  de  leur  convocation. 

Le  president  Dupaty  aux  Champs-Elysees.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  31. 
On  page  11  is  a  reference  to  the  recall  of  Necker,  but  the  pamphlet 
contains  no  reference  to  the  States  General. 

Le  president  Dupaty,  suivi  d'une  conference  entre  un  ministre 
d'etat  et  un  counseiller  au  parlement,  depuis  la  derniere  revolution  en 
France.    S.  /.,  1788.    Pp.  41,  in  4°. 

Recherches  curieuses  et  instructives  sur  les  etats  generaux,  qui 
donnent  une  juste  idee  des  droits  qui  appartiennent  aux  differents 
ordres,  et  dans  lesquelles  on  trouvera  les  formalites  qui  sont  en  usage 
dans  lesdits  etats;  ouvrage  utile  a  tout  le  monde  et  principalement  aux 
membres  qui  doivent  composer  la  prochaine  assemblee.  Amsterdam  et 
Paris,  1788.  Pp.  95.  An  historical  pamphlet  much  like  those  written 
avowedly  in  response  to  the  arret  of  July  5,  but  it  contains  no  refer- 
ence to  any  current  events  by  which  it  can  be  approximately  dated. 
Mentioned  in  the  Journal  general  de  France  (No.  130,  p.  517)  under 
date  of  October  28,  1788. 

Recherches  sur  les  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  60.  The  author 
says  nothing  about  the  arret  of  July  5  but  a  good  deal  about  the  decrees 
of  May  8,  1788.  His  last  sentence  indicates  that  when  he  wrote  the 
parlements  were  still  suspended  from  their  functions ;  they  were  rein- 
stated by  Necker  on  September  23. 

Reflexions  d'un  negociant  sur  la  convocation  prochaine  des  etats 
generaux.    S.  I.,  1788.    Pp.  14.    Written  after  July  5  (p.  2). 


Howard  College  Studies  9 

Reflexions  sur  la  forme  de  la  convocation  des  etats  generaux. 
S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  Gives  the  order  of  procedure  in  the  States  General 
in  times  past.  I  have  been  able  only  to  guess  at  the  date  of  its  publi- 
cation. 

Resultat  des  assemhlees  provinciales,  a  I'usage  des  etats  d'une  pro- 
vince. Bruxelles,  1788.  At  the  end  this  appears:  "Fini  d'imprimer 
le  28  aout  1788". 

La  satire  universelle ;  prospectus  dedie  a  toiites  les  puissances  de 
VBurope.  Paris,  1788.  Pp.  33.  The  authors,  according  to  Barbier, 
were  J.  A.  J.  Cerutti  and  P.  A.  Grouville.  Cf.  Correspondance  litter- 
aire,  philosophique  et  critique  de  Grimm  et  de  Diderot,  depuis  1753 
jusqu'en  1790  (Nouvelle  edition.    Paris,  1831)  XIV.  146. 

Seconde  lettre  du  cardinal  de  Fleury  au  conseil  du  roi.  Amster- 
dam, 1788.    Pp.  22.    Dated  July,  1788. 

Sentiments  d'lin  repuhlicain  sur  les  assemhlees  provinciales  et  les 
etats  generaux ;  suite  des  "Lettres  d'un  citoyen  des  Btats-Unis  a  un 
Frangais  sur  les  affaires  presentes".  Philadelphie,  1788.  Pp.  30.  The 
author,  according  to  Barbier,  was  the  Marquis  de  Condorcet.  See 
above :  Lettres  d'un  citoyen,  etc. 

Songe  d'un  bon  citoyen  frangais,  suivi  de  la  "Lettre  d'un  Anglais". 
Londres,  1788.  Pp.  41.  The  "Lettre  d'un  Anglais"  is  dated  at  Lon- 
don, July  15,  1788,  and  is  printed  as  a  part  of  this  pamphlet. 

Tres  humbles  remontrances  des  femmes  frangaises.  S.  I.,  1788. 
Pp.  14.    Parodies  the  remonstrances  of  the  clergy  on  July  5. 

Troisieme  lettre  du  cardinul  de  Fleury  au  conseil  de  Louis  XVI, 
contenant  un  moyen  siir  et  facile  de  couvrir  promptement  le  deficit, 
sans  impots,  sans  einprunts,  et  sans  faire  de  mecontents.  Champs- 
Elysees,  Aoiit  1788.     Pp.  32. 

Veritable  patriotisme.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  40.  On  pages  3-4  of  a 
pamphlet  {S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  31)  entitled  Societe  patriotique.  On  proceda 
a  I'election  d'un  president,  et  M.  Durand  fut  unanimcment  elu,  these 

words  occur:   "Discours  de  M.  Soules Cette  societe  m'a  fait 

la  grace  de  me  dire  que  dans  mon  pamphlet  intitule  le  Veritable 
Patriotisme,  public  sous  le  regne  despotique  de  I'Archeveque,  j 'avals 
donne  les  moyens  les  plus  practicables  d'administrer  le  royaume  de 
France".  This  would  indicate  that  the  pamphlet  was  published  in 
July  or  August,  or  earlier. 

Le  voyageur  consultant  la  maladie  epidemique  qui  regne  en  France 
sur  I' administration  de  la  justice.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  48.  Defends  the 
judiciary  reforms  of  May  8,  1788,  and  condemns  the  conduct  of  the 
parlements.  On  pages  25  and  41  are  references  to  the  arret  of  August 
8.     Published  probably  before  September  25. 


10  Howard  College  Bulletin 

II 

Pamphlets  published  between  September  25  and  November  6. 

A  qui  voudra  me  lire.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  7.  At  the  end  of  the 
pamphlet  this  appears:  "Le  Comte  Duprat,  colonel  d'infanterie,  ci- 
devant  commandant  pour  le  roi  a  Mahe  avant  qu'il  fut  rendu  aux 
Anglais.     Octobre,  178S".     Discusses  the  arret  of  October  5. 

Adresse  au  peuple  languedocien,  par  un  citoyen  du  Languedoc. 
S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  29.  On  page  20  is  a  reference  to  the  constitution  of 
Dauphine  which  was  drafted  at  Romans  during  September,  1788.  The 
pamphlet  deals  with  the  reform  of  the  estates  of  Languedoc. 

Arrets.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  4.  At  the  end  of  this  pamphlet  is  the 
following:  "Arrete  a  Rennes,  le  25  octobre  1788,  adopte  par  la  noblesse, 
et  imprime  le  3  novembre."  This  is  a  series  of  constitutional  principles 
drafted  and  adopted  by  a  recalcitrant  group  of  Breton  nobles  as  a 
protest  against  the  arret  of  October  5. 

Avis  au  tiers  etat.  Londres,  1788.  Pp.  54.  Written  after  Sep- 
tember 23-25  (See  pp.  2,  11,  14).  Another  edition  has  the  following 
title :  Avis  au  tiers  etat,  suivi  de  trois  lettres  siir  la  forme  des  etats 
generaux.  Londres,  1788.  Pp.  77.  Among  the  letters  is  that  written 
by  the  three  orders  of  Dauphine  to  the  syndics-generaux  of  the  estates 
of  Beam  on  October  24.  The  author  calls  himself  a  Breton.  Wants 
the  privileges  of  the  nobility  limited  but  not  abolished. 

Avis  aux  etats  de  Dauphine,  seants  a  Romans.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16. 
A  sub-title  on  the  first  page  is  as  follows :  Abus  a  corriger.  Liste 
d'abus  a  corriger.    1788. 

Avis  important  sur  le  ministere  et  sur  Vassemblee  prochaine  des 
etats  generaux.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  48.  Another  edition  has  47  pages 
and  still  another  61,  all  dated  1788.  In  the  edition  of  61  pages  the 
author's  name  appears  as  "M.  Des  (?)ulins",  one  letter  of  the  name 
being  erased  on  the  copy  in  the  Bibliotheque  historique  de  la  ville  de 
Paris.  The  author  seems  to  have  been  Rabaut  de  Saint-Etienne  (See 
below :  Considerations  tres  importantes  sur  les  interets  du  tiers  etat, 
etc.). 

Considerations  sur  les  dettes  de  I'etat,  par  un  ancien  officier. 
S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  37.  On  page  30  is  a  reference  to  September  27,  1788. 
Published  probably  in  October.    Opposed  to  bankruptcy. 


Howard  College  Studies  11 

Considerations  tres  importantes  sur  les  interets  du  tiers  Stat, 
adressees  au  peuple  des  provinces;  par  un  proprietaire  foncier.  S.  I., 
1788.  Pp.  72.  In  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale  there  are  three  editions 
of  this  pamphlet,  two  dated  1788  and  one  dated  1789.  Each  contains 
107  pages  and  the  following  "Avis  du  Libraire" :  "Cet  ouvrage  a  ete 
compose  en  Languedoc,  oil  il  a  eu  trois  editions  dans  huit  jours.  Nous 
avons  cru  qu'il  pouvait  etre  utile  a  Paris  de  savoir  comment  on  pense 
dans  les  provinces.  La  nation  n'est  pas  renfermee  dans  la  Capitale, 
elle  est  dans  les  provinces  aussi ;  et  c'est-la,  surtout,  que  I'interet  general 
parle  avec  plus  de  force,  parce  qu'il  n'y  est  pas  trouble  par  les  cris  des 
interets  particuliers.  Ce  n'est  pas  dans  les  clameurs  d'un  peuple 
attroupe  qu'on  pent  reconnaitre  I'opinion  publique,  mais  dans  les  dis- 
cussions reflechies  des  citoyens  reunis  pour  s'occuper  de  I'interet  public, 
sur  lequel  il  est  impossible  qu'ils  se  fassent  illusion".  C'f.  Dardier, 
Charles,  Paul  Rabaut,  ses  lettres  a  divers  (1774-1794),  avec  preface, 
notes  et  pieces  justificative s  (Paris,  j.  d.),  II.  374.  In  some  editions 
the  words  "tres  importantes"  are  omitted  from  the  title,  and  in  at  least 
one  edition  the  title  indicates  that  the  pamphlet  was  written  "par 
I'auteur  de  I' Avis  important  sur  Ic  ministere  et  sur  I'assemhlee  prochaine 
des  etats  generaux" .  The  author,  according  to  Barbier,  was  Jean-Paul 
Rabaut  de  Saint-Etienne.  Rabaut  de  Saint-Etienne  was  a  Protestant 
pastor,  born  at  Nimes  in  1743  and  guillotined  at  Paris  in  1793.  He 
was  elected  to  the  States  General  by  the  senechaussee  of  Nimes  and 
Beaucaire.  The  date  of  publication  can  be  fixed  approximately  by  a 
reference  on  page  5  to  the  declaration  of  September  33  and  on  page  15 
to  the  approaching  assembly  of  notables.  What  made  the  pamphlet 
so  popular  was,  evidently,  its  strong  defense  of  the  rights  of  the  third 
estate  as  against  the  political  and  pecuniary  privileges  of  the  clergy 
and  the  nobility.  It  contains  no  direct  reference  to  how  the  three 
orders  should  vote  in  the  States  General. 

De  la  convocation  des  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  36.  By 
Jean-Claude  de  La  Metherie,  docteur  en  medecine,  according  to  a  manu- 
script note  on  the  copy  in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale.  La  Metherie 
was  born  at  Clayette  in  1743;  resided  at  Paris  from  1780  till  his 
death  in  1817.  The  first  sentence  of  the  pamphlet  refers  to  the 
declaration  of  September  23.     On  page  12  occur  these  words:    "la 

forme que  le  parlement  de  Paris  vient  de  reclamer".     This 

would  seem  to  indicate  that  the  pamphlet  was  written  in  October. 

Le  despotisme  des  parlements,  on,  lettre  d'un  Anglais  a  un  Fran- 
gais  sur  la  revolution  operee  dans  la  mofiarchie  frangaise  par  I'enregis- 
trement  de  la  declaration  du  22  septemhre  1788,  fait  dans  les  divers 
parlements  du  royaume.    Londres,  1788.    Pp.  28. 


12  Howard  College  Bulletin 

Dialogues  entre  un  Francais  et  un  Anglais  sur  I'etat  actuel  et  I'etat 
a  venir  de  la  France,  puhlies  par  M.  le  Franc.  Lausanne,  1788.  Pp. 
233.  Written  after  October  5  (See  pages  71  and  95)  and  before 
December  27  (See  page  7).  On  page  114  is  a  reference  to  the  estates 
of  Dauphine  "qui  viennent  d'etre  forme".  Published  probably  in  Octo- 
ber. There  are  four  dialogues:  (1)  Sur  I'etat  actuel  de  la  France; 
(1)  Sur  la  maniere  la  plus  avantageuse  de  convoquer  les  Stats 
generaux;  (3)  Sur  la  constitution  a  etablir  en  France;  (4)  Sur  les 
ohjets  dont  les  etats  generaux  doivent  soccuper.  The  appeal  is  to  the 
dictates  of  reason  and  justice  rather  than  to  history. 

Discours  sur  la  constitution  francaise,  ou  reponse  a  ces  deux 
questions:  Quels  sont  en  France  les  caracteres  esscntiels  a  la  souver- 
ainete?  et  pour  que  I'impot  soit  legitime,  par  qui  doit-il  etre  etablif^ 
Par  M.  B.,  Geneve,  1788.  Pp.  120.  Written  after  the  fall  of  Brienne, 
see  pages  49  and  58.    Pamphlet  of  little  value. 

Dissertation  sur  les  assemblees  nationales  sous  les  trois  races  des 
rois  de  France,  par  M.  le  Comte  de  Lauraguais.  Paris,  October  10, 
1788.  Pp.  103.  The  Comte  de  Lauraguais  was  the  son  of  a  Duke  de 
Brancas-Villars,  peer  of  France  and  lieutenant  general  of  the  armies 
of  the  king.  At  the  age  of  twenty- five  he  quitted  the  army  to  devote 
his  time  to  writing  and  to  the  study  of  the  sciences.  Being  by  tempera- 
ment a  fault-finder,  he  adopted  readily  the  ideas  of  the  revolution  and 
posed  as  a  reformer.  For  his  epigrams  and  witticisms  he  suffered, 
before  1788,  five  exiles  and  four  imprisonments.  When  the  convoca- 
tion of  the  States  was  first  mooted,  he  buried  himself  in  the  libraries 
of  Paris,  particularly  in  the  archives  of  the  Benedictines  of  Saint- 
Germain-des-Pres,  and  emerged  after  several  months  of  research  with 
enough  material  for  a  book  on  the  national  assemblies  of  France.  But 
the  book  was  never  written,  owing,  as  he  claimed,  to  the  pressure  of 
current  events.  Perhaps  it  was  owing,  rather  to  his  inability  to  put 
his  material  together;  for  he  had  a  greater  penchant  for  bitter  con- 
troversy than  for  historical  synthesis.  He  was  not  elected  to  the  States 
General.  During  the  reign  of  terror,  his  wife  was  guillotined;  he 
himself  was  imprisoned  and  lost  his  property,  but  survived  to  be  made 
a  peer  of  France  under  Louis  XVIIL  In  this  pamphlet,  which  is  of 
an  historical  nature,  he  devotes  much  attention  to  the  definition  of 
feudal  terms  and  legal  formulas  and  eventually  comes  to  the  conclusion 
that  the  deputies  to  the  States  General  were  not  to  be  representatives 
of  the  people  in  the  modern  sense  but  "mandate-bearers"  of  the  bail- 
liages ;  there  was  to  be  no  deliberation  in  any  form,  all  questions  being 
decided  by  counting  the  votes  of  the  bailliages.  For  another  pamphlet 
of  his,  see  below :   Recueil  de  pieces  historiques. 


Howard  College  Studies  13 

L'echo  de  I'Elysee,  on  dialogue  de  quelques  morts  celehres  siir  les 
etats  generaux  de  la  nation  et  des  provinces.  S.  I.,  October,  1788. 
Pp.  111.  The  author,  according  to  Barbier,  was  Dinge,  ancien  biblio- 
thecaire  du  prince  de  Conde. 

Esprit  des  operations  des  trots  ordres  du  Dauphine  depuis  le  10 
mai  1788  jusqu  a  ce  jour.  S.  I.  n.  d.  At  the  end  is  the  following  date : 
"le  premier  octobre  1788". 

Essai  conciliatoire  sur  la  forme  des  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  38.  Written  after  October  5  (page  4  et  passim).  The  author  be- 
lieved in  vote  "par  ordre". 

Essai  sur  la  maniere  de  com^poser  et  de  convoquer  les  etats 
generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  46.  On  page  5  is  a  reference  to  the  arret 
of  October  5,  1788. 

Les  etats  generaux  convoques  par  Louis  XVL  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  75. 
The  author,  according  to  Barbier  and  much  contemporary  evidence, 
was  Guy-Jean-Baptiste  Target,  avocat  au  parlement  de  Paris  and  mem- 
ber of  the  Academie  Francaise,  who,  because  of  ill  health,  had  given  up 
the  practice  of  law  before  1788.  A  very  influential  pamphlet,  written 
toward  the  end  of  October  (See  pages  3-4,  13,  36).  About  the  middle 
of  November  appeared  a  "suite"  (See  below,  section  III)  and  in 
December  a  second  "suite"  (See  below,  section  IV).  Target  was 
elected  to  the  States  General  as  a  deputy  of  the  third  estate  for  Paris. 

Bxamen  du  pouvoir  des  etats  generaux,  etc.  See  below :  Idees 
d'un  citoyen  sur  les  moyens  de  connaitre  promptement,  etc. 

Exposition  des  ohjets  discutes  dans  les  etats  generaux  de  France 
depuis  I'origine  de  la  monarchic,  par  le  marquis  de  6"***.  5.  /.,  1788. 
Pp.  180.  Another  edition  of  this  pamphlet  is  without  date.  Still  an- 
other purports  to  have  been  published  in  London  and  Paris  in  1789. 
Written  avowedly  in  response  to  the  arret  of  July  5,  it  was  on  the 
point  of  being  sent  to  the  press  when  the  arret  of  October  5  appeared. 
The  author,  who  according  to  Barbier,  was  the  Marquis  de  Serent, 
suggested  that,  as  a  practical  means  of  getting  started,  deputies  to  a 
preliminary  assembly  be  chosen  in  accordance  with  the  form  observed 
in  1614.  This  assembly  would  be  able  to  find  out  from  the  cahiers  how 
the  nation  wanted  the  States  General  to  be  convoked  and  composed  and 
how  the  nation  wanted  the  three  orders  to  deliberate  and  vote. 

De  la  foi  publique  envers  les  creanciers  de  I'etat;  lettres  a  M. 
Linguet  sur  le  No.  116  de  ses  Annales;  par  M***.  Londres,  1788. 
Pp.  xxxii-184.    On  page  110  is  a  reference  to  October  24,  1788.    The 


14  Howard  College  Bulletin 

author,  according  to  Barbier,  was  Etienne  Claviere.  Cf.  Plan  de 
conduit e  pour  les  deputes  du  peuple  aux  etats  generaux  de  1789  (S.  I., 
avril  1789),  215,  267,  by  Brissot  de  Warville.    Opposed  to  bankruptcy. 

Forme  generale  et  particuliere  de  la  convocation  et  de  la  tenue  des 
assemblies  natiottales  ou  etats  generaux  de  France,  justifiee  par  pieces 
authentiques.  Premiere  partie.  Paris,  1789.  Pp.  xlviii-200.  This 
pamphlet  is  the  first  part  of  an  elaborate  piece  of  historical  research 
undertaken  in  response  to  the  arret  of  July  5.  It  was  just  on  the  point 
of  going  to  the  press  when  the  arret  of  October  5  appeared  (p.  189). 
Hardy  mentions  it  in  his  Journal  under  date  of  December  3,  1788',  and 
says  it  was  written  by  two  young  magistrates  of  the  parlement  of  Paris, 
De  Lalource  and  Duval  fils,  and  that  it  was  dated  1789  "par  anticipa- 
tion". The  authors,  according  to  Barbier,  were  Lalource  and  Duval, 
conseillers  au  Chatelet.  The  Journal  general  de  France  (No.  137, 
p.  545)  mentions  the  pamphlet  under  date  of  November  13,  1788.  The 
book  when  finished  was  to  be  a  complete  account  of  the  States  General, 
covering  all  essential  details,  from  1302  down  to  1614.  In  a  postscript 
to  this  part,  the  authors  discuss  briefly  the  difficulties  raised  by  the 
arret  of  October  5,  and  their  conclusion  is  that,  since  the  third  estate 
had  the  veto  like  the  rest,  it  had  no  reason  to  fear  oppression.  Whether 
the  three  orders  should  deliberate  separately  or  in  common  was  a  ques- 
tion, they  said,  for  the  nation  assembled  in  States  General  to  decide. 

Idees  d'un  citoyen  sur  les  tnoyens  de  connaitre  promptement,  par 
le  voeu  de  la  nation,  la  forme  et  la  composition  a  donner  aux  etats 
generaux.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  28.  On  page  21  these  words  occur: 
"L'ouverture  de  I'assemblee  des  notables  se  fera  le  3  novembre  pro- 
chain."  Another  edition  of  this  pamphlet  was  published  under  the 
following  title :  Bxamen  du  pouvoir  des  etats  generaux,  precede  des 
moyens  de  connaitre  pro'^nptement  le  voeu  de  la  nation  entiere,  pour 
leur  donner  une  composition  legale  et  pour  reformer  les  lois.  S.  I., 
1788.    Pp.  34. 

L'imposteur  demasque,  ou  reponse  au  memoire  intitule :  ''Quelle 
est  I'origine  des  etats  generaux,  par  M.  Linguet".  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  36. 
I  can  only  guess  at  the  date  of  publication. 

Instructions  sur  la  conduite  a  tenir  dans  les  etats  generaux,  par 
les  representants  des  provinces.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  4.  At  the  end  of  the 
pamphlet  is  the  following:  "Fait  a  Paris  le  22  octobre  1788".  A  con- 
cise statement  of  the  rights  of  the  third  estate  in  the  form  of  ques- 
tions and  answers. 

Lettre  a  M.  d'Bpremesnil,  a  I' occasion  de  la  reprise  des  fonctions 
du  parlement.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  31.  The  letter  begins  as  follows :  "A 
Paris,  ce  30  septembre  1788"  and  is  signed:   R.  Bt. 


Howard  College  Studies  15 

Lettre  a  un  plebeien,  au  sujet  de  l' assemble e  des  ctats  generaux. 
S.  I.  11.  d.  Pp.  45.  At  the  end  is  found  this  date :  "Ce  20  septembre 
1788".     It  must  have  been  pubHshed  a  few  days  later. 

Lettre  au  chartreux  qui  croit  avoir  devine  un  des  motifs  de  I'en- 
registrement  du  parlement  du  25  septembre  1788.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16. 
At  the  end  is  the  following:  "Paris,  ce  6  octobre  178'8".  Signed: 
I.  D.  B.  This  pamphlet  is  a  reply  to  another  entitled  Reflexions  d'un 
chartreux  (See  below). 

Lettre  au  peuple,  ou  projet  d'une  caisse  patriotique ;  par  une  cito- 
yenne.  Vienne  et  Paris,  1788.  Pp.  31.  The  authoress,  according  to 
Barbier,  was  Olympe  de  Gouges.  Mentions  the  recall  of  Necker,  which 
took  place  on  August  25,  1788. 

Lettre  d'un  citoyen  de  I'ordre  du  tiers  a  1'assem.blee  des  notables, 
servant  de  reponse  aiix  "Observations  du  parlement" .  S.  I.,  octobre 
1788.  Pp.  25.  Another  edition  is  dated  November.  This  pamphlet 
appears  in  Oeuvres  de  Jerome  Petion,  membre  de  I'assemblee  consti- 
tuante,  de  la  convention  nationale,  et  maire  de  Paris  (Paris,  I'An 
premier  de  la  Republique,  4  vols.),  II.  7-35.  The  editors  of  these 
Oeuvres  say  (pages  v-vi)  that  Petion  wrote  this  pamphlet  in  a  single 
night  and  that  it  was  burned  by  order  of  the  Parlement  of  Paris.  It  is 
a  response  to  the  Observations  sur  I'arret  du  conseil  du  5  octobre  1788 
(See  below).  At  the  time  of  writing  Petion  was  an  obscure  avocat 
at  Chartres.  He  wrote  several  other  pamphlets,  notably  Avis  aux 
Frangais  sur  le  salut  de  la  patrie  (See  below,  Section  IV),  and  was 
elected  to  the  States  General  as  a  deputy  of  the  third  estate  for  the 
bailliage  of  Chartres.     His  later  career  is  well  known. 

Lettre  d'un  observatcur  philosophe  a  M.  Necker.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp. 
48.  Signed :  Candide.  I  have  been  unable  to  determine  the  date  of 
this  pamphlet. 

Lettre  de  Jacques  Menassier,  bourgeois  de  Paris,  a  Christophe 
Menassier  son  frere,  habitant  du  village  de***  en  Champagne.  S.  I., 
1788.    Pp.  19.    Dated  October  6. 

Lettre  de  M.  de  Lessart  a  Madame  N.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  14. 
Humorous  and  sarcastic. 

Lettre  ecrite  par  plusieurs  citoyens  du  clerge,  de  la  noblesse  et  des 
communes  de  Dauphine  a  messieurs  les  syndics-generaux  des  etats  de 
Beam.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  7.  At  the  end  the  following  appears :  "Grenoble, 
le  24  octobre  1788". 

Lettre  ou  memoire  historique  sur  les  troubles  populaires  de  Paris, 
en  aout  et  septembre  1788,  avec  des  notes,  par  M.  Charon.  Londres, 
1788.    Pp.  60.     Published  probably  in  October. 


16  Hoivard  College  Bulletin 

Maniere  equitable  et  juste  de  convoquer  et  d'assemhler  les  etats 
generaux.  Amsterdam,  1788.  Pp.  60.  The  sub-title,  or  "title  of  de- 
parture", of  this  pamphlet  (p.  1)  is  as  follows:  Voeu  d'un  citoyen 
ou  projet  sur  la  maniere  de  convoquer  et  d' assembler  les  etats  generaux. 
Another  edition  bears  only  this  sub-title  (See  below). 

Memoire  concernant  la  deputation  aux  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  14.  On  page  9  is  a  reference  to  the  arrete  of  September  25.  Pub- 
lished probably  in  October. 

Memoire  sur  les  etats  generaux,  leurs  droits  et  la  maniere  de  les 
convoquer.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  279.  In  what  seems  to  be  a  reimpression  of 
this  pamphlet,  made  in  1788,  the  author's  name  is  given  as  "M.  le 

Comte  D'Ant ".     In  1789  appeared  a  "nouvelle  edition  plus 

correcte  que  les  precedentes"  which  gives  the  author's  name  as  "M.  le 
Comte  D'  A.  N.  T.  R.  A.  I.  G.  U.  E.  S."  This  was  Emmanuel-Louis- 
Henri  de  Launay,  Comte  d'Antraigues.  He  composed  this  pamphlet 
in  the  Vivarais  during  May,  June  and  July,  1788  (See  A  I'ordre  de  la 
noblesse  dii  Bas-Vivarais,  par  le  comte  d'Antraigues,  son  depute  aux 
etats  generaux,  8),  and  published  the  first  edition  in  October,  1788 
(See  Memoire,  271),  presumably  at  the  place  of  composition.  Imbued 
with  the  doctrines  of  Jean  Jacques  Rousseau,  his  personal  friend,  he 
preached  in  this  pamphlet  the  sovereignty  of  the  people  with  a  fervor 
approaching  vehemence.  But  the  reader  must  be  on  his  guard  lest  he 
be  swept  along  to  the  wrong  conclusion  by  the  whirlwind  of  the  Comte's 
enthusiasm.  The  people  is  sovereign,  it  is  true,  but  the  people  can 
not  alienate  or  even  delegate  its  sovereignty.  Hence  in  the  States 
General  there  was  to  be  no  deliberation  in  any  form.  The  general 
will  of  the  nation  would  be  ascertained  by  comparing  the  cahiers  of  the 
deputies.  Elected  to  the  States  General  as  a  deputy  of  the  nobility 
for  the  senechaussee  of  his  native  V"illeneuve-de-Berg,  the  Comte 
d'Antraigues  showed  himself  a  strong  opponent  of  deliberation  in  com- 
mon and  voting  by  head.  In  1790  he  emigrated  and  became  an  ultra- 
royalist,  repenting  at  leisure,  no  doubt,  for  having  proclaimed  in  haste 
the  gospel  according  to  Jean  Jacques.  Died  at  Barnes  Terrace,  near 
London,  in  1812. 

Memoire  sur  les  formes  qui  doivent  preceder  et  accompagner  la 
convocation  des  etats  generaux;  dans  lequel  on  traite  toutes  les  ques- 
tions proposees  dans  I' arret  du  conseil  du  5  juillet  1788  et  plusieurs 
autres  accessoires.  Par  M.  Levrier,  lieutenant-general  du  bailliage- 
royal  de  Meullent;  de  I'Academie  des  Sciences,  Arts  et  Belles-Lettres 
d'Orleans.  5^.  /.,  1788.  Pp.  87.  The  composition  of  this  pamphlet 
was  completed  when  the  arret  of  October  5  appeared  (p.  2).  The 
author  was  an  avocat  au  parlement  de  Paris,  and  the  pamphlet  was 
published,  presumably,  at  Paris. 


Howard  College  Studies  17 

A  mes  compatriotes.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  15. 

Le  moniteur.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  38.  There  are  at  least  two  other 
editions :  one  with  50  pages  and  dated  1788,  another  with  48  pages  and 
without  date.  On  page  3  is  an  indirect  reference  to  the  arret  of  August 
8  and  the  declaration  of  September  23,  and  on  page  19  is  a  sentence 
which  seems  to  refer  to  the  arret  of  October  5.  This  pamphlet  is  not 
to  be  confused  with  a  periodical  bearing  the  same  title  which  appeared 
secretly  in  1787  and  1788  and  which  Barbier  attributes  to  Condorcet, 
Brissot  and  Claviere.  The  author  of  the  present  pamphlet  is  a  defender 
of  the  privileged  orders.  He  was,  very  probably,  a  member  of  the 
Parlement  of  Paris. 

A  la  noblesse  lorraine.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  4. 

Observations  adressees  a  I'assemblee  des  notables,  sur  la  composi- 
tion des  etats  generaux  et  sur  la  forme  la  plus  reguliere  de  les  con- 
voquer.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  66.  Published  probably  before  the  opening  of 
the  assembly  of  notables.  Referred  to  in  another  pamphlet  entitled 
Bclaircissement  a  I' amiable  (See  below,  section  III),  which  was  written 
before  November  25.  A  manuscript  note  on  the  copy  in  the  Bibli- 
otheque  Nationale  attributes  the  Observations  to  Bertrand  de  Molle- 
ville,  Intendant  de  Bretagne.  Barbier  attributes  the  pamphlet  to  the 
same  author.  Bertrand  de  Molleville  was  a  supporter  of  arbitrary 
government.  Emigrated  to  England  in  October,  1792,  and  did  not 
return  till  1814.    Died  at  Paris  in  1818. 

Observations  sur  I'arret  du  conseil  du  5  octobre  1788,  pour  la 
convocation  d'une  assemblee  de  notables  au  3  novembre  prochain.  S.  L, 
1788.  Pp.  32,  in  4°.  Contends  that  the  States  General  should  be  con- 
voked and  composed  in  accordance  with  the  form  observed  in  1614. 
According  to  Petion  (Lettre  d'tin  citoyen  de  I'ordre  du  tiers,  see  above), 
the  author  of  this  pamphlet  was  a  member  of  the  Parlement  of  Paris. 

Observations  sur  les  principes  de  la  constitution  des  etats  de 
Dauphine,  contenant  leur  examen  et  leur  developpement;  pour  servir 
aux  etats  generaux.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  87.  Contends  that  the  election 
and  composition  of  the  States  General  should  be  modeled  after  the 
election  and  composition  of  the  estates  of  Dauphine. 

Plan  d'une  banque  nationale  de  France,  ou  d'une  caisse  generale 
de  recette  et  de  pavement  des  deniers  publics  et  particiiliers.  Paris, 
octobre  1788.    Pp.  47. 

Principes  naturels  et  constitutifs  des  assemblees  nationales.  S.  I., 
1788.     Pp.  117.     On  page  5  the  following  appears:     "Cet  ecrit  com- 


18  Howard  College  Bulletin 

mence  et  continue  aux  differentes  epoques  qui  depuis  un  an  ont  vu 
tant  d'evenements  se  succeder,  portera  souvent  le  caractere  du  moment. 
II  eiit  ete  difficile  de  le  refondre  a  chaque  nouvelle  position".  On  page 
31  is  a  reference  to  the  assembly  of  the  three  orders  of  Dauphine. 
Hence  the  date  of  publication  was  probably  October.  The  author, 
according  to  Barbier,  was  the  Vicomte  Frangois-Emmanuel  Toulongeon. 
He  suggests  the  possibility  of  a  compromise  on  the  question  of  de- 
liberating and  voting:  the  three  orders  might  deliberate  sometimes 
separately  and  sometimes  together,  or  the  clergy  and  the  nobility 
might  form  an  upper  chamber.  Elected  to  the  States  General  as  a 
deputy  of  the  nobility,  he  followed  the  minority  of  his  order  into  the 
union  with  the  third  estate. 

Proces-verbal  de  I' assemhlee  generale  des  trois  ordres  de  la 
province  de  Dauphine,  temie  a  Romans  par  permission  du  roi.  Grenoble, 
1788.     Pp.  163.     Dated  September  5-28. 

Quelques  idces  vaille  que  vaillc,  ajoutees  a  tant  d'autres,  a  I'occa- 
sion  de  la  prochaine  teniie  des  etafs  gencraiix,  par  I'auteur  du  "Partage 
de  la  peau  d'ours".  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  20.  By  Biron  de  La  Tour,  accord- 
ing to  Barbier.  For  the  most  part,  this  pamphlet  is  a  comment  on 
the  Memoirc  sur  la  prochaine  tenue  des  etats  generaux  (See  above, 
section  I).     Of  little  value. 

Questions  a  examiner  avant  I'assemblee  des  etats  generaux,  par 
le  marquis  de  Casaux,  de  la  societe  royale  de  Londres  et  de  celle 
d'agriculture  de  Florence.  5*.  l,  1788.  Pp.  100.  On  page  85  the 
author  says:  "Le  post-scriptum  qu'on  vient  de  lire  n'attendait  que  le 
moment  d'etre  imprime  lorsque  I'arret  du  5  octobre  a  paru."  Publica- 
tion must  have  been  in  October.  Mentioned  in  Correspondance  lit- 
teraire,  philosophiqiie  et  critique  de  Grimm,  et  de  Diderot,  depuis  1753 
jusqu'en  1790  (Nouvelle  edition,  Paris,  1831),  XIV.  193,  under  date 
of  November,  1788.  Mentioned  also  in  Le  hon  sens  (p.  124),  a  pamph- 
let published  in  November  (See  below;  section  III).  The  Marquis 
de  Casaux  was  a  writer  on  agricultural  subjects  as  well  as  political. 
Was  not  elected  to  the  States  General.  After  August  10,  1792,  he 
emigrated  to  London  and  died  there  in  1795.  Liberal  in  opinions; 
admirer  of  the  English  Parliament. 

Recherches  et  reflexions  nouvelles  sur  la  convocation  et  la  composi- 
tion des  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  23.  A  discussion  of  the  arret 
of  October  5.  The  author  desires  that  the  States  General  be  convoked 
and  composed  in  accordance  with  the  form  observed  in  1614. 

Recherches  historiques  sur  les  etats  generaux  et  plus  particuliere- 
ment  sur  I'origine,  l' organisation  et  la  duree  des  anciens  etats  provin- 


Howard  College  Studies  19 

ciaux  d'Auvergne; Par  M.  Bergier (and) Dom 

Verdier-Latour.  Clermont-Ferrand,  1788.  Pp.  viii-110.  On  page  5 
is  a  reference  to  the  declaration  of  September  33.  Published  probably 
in  October. 

Recueil  de  pieces  historiques  siir  la  convocation  des  etats  generaux 
et  sur  I' election  de  leurs  deputes,  par  le  Comte  de  Laiiraguais.  Paris, 
ce  20  septembre  1788.  Pp.  116.  After  page  100  follows  a  "Post- 
Scriptum"  dated  September  30,  1788.  The  author  indulges  in  sarcasm 
at  the  expense  of  Brienne  for  his  delay  in  convoking  the  States  General 
and  then  proceeds  to  present  official  documents  dealing  with  the  elec- 
tion at  Paris  of  deputies  to  the  last  four  States  General.  Discursive 
and  controversial.  For  an  account  of  the  Comte  de  Lauraguais,  see 
above :   Dissertation  sur  les  assemhlees  nationales,  etc. 

Reflexions  d'un  chartreux  qui  croit  avoir  devine  un  des  motifs 
de  I'enregistrement  du  parlement.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  12.  Justifies  the 
arrete  of  the  Parlement  of  Paris  on  September  25.  A  "Lettre"  was 
written  in  reply  to  this  pamphlet  and  dated  at  Paris,  October  6,  1788 
(See  above:    Lettre  au  chartreux,  etc.). 

Reflexions  d'un  citoyen  sur  les  affaires  presentes.  S.  I.,  1788. 
Pp.  vi-22.  The  Gazette  de  Leyde  (No.  89)  contains  a  "Lettre  de 
Paris"  dated  October  27,  1788,  in  which  this  pamphlet  is  characterized 
as  follows :  "Un  autre  ef  fet  de  la  fermentation,  que  les  derniers 
evenements  avaient  causees,  n'a  pas  encore  cesse  entierement :  Ce  sont 
les  Brochures  contre  les  deux  Ministres  retires :  Une  des  plus  aigres 
et  des  plus  violentes  est  celle  qui  vient  de  paraitre,  intitulee :  Reflexions 
d'un  citoyen  sur  les  affaires  presentes.  Imprime  de  22  pages :  II  s'est 
repandu  depuis  peu  de  temps,  quoiqu'il  semble  avoir  ete  compose  dans 
les  derniers  jours  de  I'Administration  de  ]\I.  I'Archeveque  de  Sens." 

Reflexions  sur  la  convocation  des  etats  generaux  et  moyens  d'y 
proceder.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  25.  Written  after  October  5  (See  page  4). 
The  author  suggests  a  method  by  which  the  orders  could  deliberate 
either  separately  or  in  common  without  upsetting  the  balance  between 
the  non-privileged  and  the  privileged  orders. 

Regeneration  de  la  France  par  les  etats  generaux,  par  M***, 
avocat  au  parlement.  S.  I.,  17S8.  Pp.  xvi-80.  The  preface  is  thus 
dated:   "De  Chatillon-les-Dombes,  le  15  octobre  1788". 

Reponse  au  memoir e  addresse  a  MM.  du  tiers.  Londres,  1788. 
Pp.  14.  On  the  copy  in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale  is  the  following 
manuscript  note:  "24  7bre  1788.  Bretagne".  Opposed  to  ministerial 
despotism  but  defends  privileges. 


20  Howard  College  Bulletin 

Reponse  aux  reflexions  de  M.  Linguet  sur  la  dette  nationale  en 
France,  inseree  dans  le  No.  116  de  ses  Annales,  a  son  article  du  credit 
public,  etc.    S.  I.,  1788.     Pp.  67.     Opposed  to  bankruptcy, 

Reponse  bien  simple  aux  observations  de  M.  Poulletier,  directeur 
des  mines  et  minieres,  par  M.  Horn,  avocat  au  parlement.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  7. 

La  restauration  de  la  France.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  32.  On  page  11 
is  a  reference  to  the  formation  of  the  estates  of  Dauphine.  Pamphlet 
published  probably  in  October. 

Second  memoire  de  M.  de  La  Croix,  avocat  au  parlement,  sur  la 
tenue  des  etats  generaux,  en  reponse  a  M.  le  Comte  de  Lauraguais. 
S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  For  the  first  pamphlet  of  Delacroix,  see  above, 
section  I :  Memoire  sur  la  prochaine  tenue,  etc.  This  second  memoire 
is  a  response  to  the  bitter  strictures  of  the  Comte  de  Lauraguais,  whose 
pamphlets  are  listed  above. 

Sur  I'arrete  du  25  septembre  1788.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  8.  At  the  end 
of  the  pamphlet  this  appears :   "Ce  28  septembre". 

Voeu  d'un  citoyen  ou  projet  sur  la  wianiere  de  convoquer  et 
d' assembler  les  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  60.  See  above :  Maniere 
equitable  et  juste,  etc. 

Vues  d'un  citoyen  sur  la  composition  des  etats  generaux,  par 
M,  Mourgue  de  Mont-Redon,  membre  et  ancien  directeur  de  la  societe 
royale  des  sciences  de  Montpellier,  etc.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  66.  Wanted 
the  States  General  of  the  kingdom  to  be  modeled  after  the  recently 
restored  and  re-organized  estates  of  Dauphine.  Jacques  Augustin 
Mourgue  was  not  elected  to  the  States  General,  but  later  he  had  the 
distinction  of  serving  for  five  days  as  Minister  of  the  Interior,  June 
13-18,  1793,  in  succession  to  Roland.     He  died  at  Paris  in  1818. 

Vues  generalcs  sur  notre  constitution  et  sur  nos  assemblies 
nationales.    S.  I.,  octobre  1788.     Pp.  viii-64. 


Howard  College  Studies  21 

III 

Pamphlets  published  between  November  6  and  December  12. 

Analyse  de  la  brochure  intitulee :  "Des  conditions  necessaires  a 
la  legalite  des  etats  generaux" ,  avec  cette  epigraphe :  Salus  populi, 
suprema  lex  esto.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  33.  Favors  voting  "par  ordre". 
On  the  copy  in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale  is  the  following  manuscript 
note:  "Par  M.  Walsh,  comte  de  Serrant,  assiste  de  Delaunay  I'aine, 
avocat.  A  Angers,  chez  Mame".  A  contemporary  pamphlet  attributes 
it  to  "M.  le  comte  de  S  .  .  .  .  t"  and  says  that  it  appeared  "a  few  days" 
after  the  beginning  of  November,  1788  (See  Lettre  de  M.  Chasseboeuf 
de  Volney  a  M.  le  comte  de  S  .  .  .  .  t.  S.  I.  n.  d.,  page  3).  See  below: 
Des  conditions  necessaires,  etc. 

Apergu  rapide  et  impartial  d'un  gentilhomme  sur  la  grande  ques- 
tion qui  agite  les  esprits  francais  et  qui  paratt  diviser  les  grands  et  le 
peuple,  le  clerge  et  la  noblesse,  reunis  d'une  part,  et  le  tiers  etat  de 
I'autre,  au  sujet  du  nombre  de  representants  que  celui-ci  doit  fournir 
aux  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  29.  Favors  a  double  representa- 
tion for  the  third  estate  and  voting  "par  tete".  A  reference  to  the 
second  assembly  of  notables  indicates  that  the  pamphlet  was  written, 
probably,  in  November  or  early  December  (p.  12). 

Atix  bons  patriotes,  salut.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  8.  On  the  copy  in  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale  is  the  following  manuscript  note :  "Par  Chail- 
lon,  avocat;  et  public  a  Rennes,  le  10  novembre".  Deals  with  affairs 
in  Bretagne. 

Avis  a  propos  donne  aux  Languedociens,  par  un  gentilhomme. 
S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  Another  edition  has  the  following  title:  Avis  donne 
aux  Languedociens,  par  un  gentilhomme,  stir  les  reformes  a  faire  dans 
la  composition  de  leurs  etats  provinciaux.  S.  I.,  decembre  1788.  Pp.  7. 
Insists  on  voting  "par  tete". 

Avis  au  public,  et  principalement  au  tiers  etat,  de  la  part  du  com- 
mandant dti  chateau  des  ties  de  Sainte-Marguerite,  et  du  medecin  et 
du  chirurgien  du  meme  lieu,  du  10  novembre  1788.  .Se  vend  aux  iles 
Sainte-Marguerite  et  se  distribue  gratis  a  Paris,  chez  Robin  et  Com- 
pagnie.  Pp.  55.  This  is  a  satire  on  Duval  d'Epremmesnil.  The  au- 
thor, according  to  Barbier,  was  Ant.-Joseph-Michel  Servan.  Servan 
was  a  retired  avocat  general  au  parlement  de  Grenoble.  Born  in  1737, 
he  was  a  friend  of  Voltaire  and  the  Encyclopedists.  In  1788  and  1789 
he  published  no  fewer  than  seventeen  pamphlets.    Elected  to  the  States 


^ 


22  Howard  College  Bulletin 

General  by  two  bailliages,  notably  by  that  of  Aix,  in  Provence,  he  re- 
fused to  take  his  seat  as  deputy.  In  1792  he  retired  to  Switzerland 
but  returned  to  Provence  in  1802.  Died  at  Saint-Remi  in  1807.  Sar- 
castic and  satirical  writer. 

Avis  au  tiers  etat,  par  M.  le  marquis  de  B  .  .  .  .  au.  S.  I.  n  .d. 
Pp.  14.  The  author  was  the  Marquis  de  Beauvau ;  born  in  1744 ;  killed 
in  1793  while  fighting  against  Cathelineau  in  La  Vendee.  Liberal  in 
opinions ;  appeals  to  Frenchmen  to  grant  no  taxes  till  despotism  has 
been  crushed. 

Le  hon  sens,  par  un  gentilhomme  breton.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  viii- 
135,  in  quarto.  The  author,  according  to  Barbier  and  other  con- 
temporary evidence,  was  the  Comte  Armand-Guy  de  Kersaint.  He 
began  the  composition  of  this  pamphlet,  he  tells  us,  immediately  after 
the  promulgation  of  the  decrees  of  May  8,  continued  to  write  during 
June  and  July,  and  finished  most  of  the  work  before  the  recall  of 
Necker  on  August  25 ;  but  publication  was  delayed  by  the  printer  until 
November,  and  he  continued  to  make  additions  while  the  pamphlet 
was  in  the  press.  Notwithstanding  the  arrangement  and  obsolescence 
of  some  of  the  material,  it  proved  to  be  a  popular  pamphlet  and  went 
through  at  least  two  editions  in  1788.  Admirer  of  the  English 
bicameral  legislature.  Kersaint  was  not  elected  to  the  States  General; 
sat  in  the  Convention;  Girondist;  guillotined  in  1793. 

Canevas  des  deliberations  des  etats  generaux  de  I'annee  1789. 
S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  124.  In  another  pamphlet  entitled  Canevas  des 
doleances  des  etats  generaux  de  I'annee  1789  {S.  I.,  mars  1789),  8,  50, 
the  author  says  that  he  published  this  pamphlet  in  November,  1788. 

Catechisme  du  citoyen,  on  elements  du  droit  public  frangais,  par 
demandes  et  reponses;  suivi  de  ''Fragments  politiques",  par  le  nieme 
auteur.  En  France,  1788.  Pp.  220.  Barbier  attributes  this  pamphlet 
to  Saige  and  adds :  "C'est  une  nouvelle  edition ;  la  premiere  est  de 
1785.  II  en  existe  une  autre  de  Geneve  (Bordeaux),  1787."  The 
author  may  have  been  Bosquillon  (See  below:  Code  national,  etc.). 
I  have  been  unable  to  find  any  information  about  Bosquillon ;  a  certain 
Joseph  Saige  was  elected  to  the  States  General  as  a  deputy  of  the 
third  estate. 

Code  national  dedie  aux  etats  generaux.  Geneve,  1788.  Pp.  iv- 
233.  Barbier  attributes  this  pamphlet  to  Charles  Pierre  Bosquillon, 
avocat  au  parlement  de  Paris  and  gives  Paris  as  the  place  of  publica- 
tion. On  page  80  is  a  reference  to  the  arret  of  October  5,  and  on  pages 
90,  94-95  there  is  evidence  that  the  pamphlet  was  composed  before 


Howard  College  Studies  33 

the  notables  had  reached  a  decision.  Contends  that  the  States  General 
should  be  convoked  and  composed  in  accordance  with  the  form  ob- 
served in  1614;  says  the  ministers  were  not  acting  in  good  faith  when 
they  issued  the  arret  of  July  5;  historical  for  the  most  part.  Another 
edition  bears  the  following  title :  Code  national,  ou  manuel  francais, 
a  I'usage  des  trois  ordres,  et  principal  em  ent  des  deputes  aux  prochains 
etats  gcneraux;  par  I'auteur  du  "Catechisme  du  citoyen" ,  et  pour  servir 
de  suite  a  cet  ouvrage.  En  France,  1789.  Pp.  192.  (See  above: 
Catechisme  du  citoyen,  etc.) 

Des  conditions  necessaires  a  la  legalite  des  etats  generaux.  S.  I., 
1788.  Pp.  38.  On  the  copy  in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale  is  the  fol- 
lowing manuscript  note :  "Par  M.  Volney,  a  Rennes,  5  novembre". 
For  further  evidence  that  the  pamphlet  appeared  at  the  beginning  of 
November  and  that  Volney  was  the  author  of  it,  see  Lettre  de  M.  de 
Chassehoeuf  de  Volney  d  M.  le  comte  de  S  .  .  .  .  t  (S.  I.  n.  d.),  3. 
Contends  that  the  States  General  should  be  convoked  and  composed 
in  accordance  with  the  dictates  of  reason  and  justice.  Volney  was 
a  savant;  elected  to  the  States  General  as  a  deputy  of  the  third  estate 
for  Angers ;  survived  the  Terror  and  lived  to  be  a  peer  of  France 
under  Louis  XVIII.    Died  at  Paris  in  1820. 

De  la  convocation  de  la  prochaine  tenue  des  etats  generaux  en 
France,  par  M.  La  Cretelle.  5.  /.,  1788.  Pp.  50.  Mentioned  under 
date  of  November,  1788,  and  attributed  to  Lacretelle,  in  Corre- 
spondance  litteraire,  philosophique  et  critique  de  Grimm  et  de  Diderot, 
depuis  1753  jusqu'en  1790  (Nouvelle  edition.  Paris,  1831),  XIV.  187. 
On  page  2  these  words  occur:  "Proces  ....  decide  dans  moins  de 
deux  mois".  This  is  a  reference  to  the  declaration  of  September  23 
which  fixed  January,  1789,  as  the  date  for  the  convocation  of  the 
States  General,  and  seems  to  indicate  that  the  pamphlet  was  written 
in  late  October  or  early  November.  A  well  sustained  argument  in 
favor  of  giving  to  the  third  estate  a  preponderant  influence  in  the 
States  General.  Pierre-Louis  de  Lacretelle  was  an  avocat  and  publicist 
of  Paris.  Elected  as  a  depute  suppleant  of  the  third  estate  for  Paris; 
deputy  for  Paris  in  the  Legislative  Assembly;  died  in  1824.  Moderate 
in  opinions.  One  edition,  at  least,  of  this  pamphlet  is  anonymous  and 
without  localization. 

Le  cri  de  la  verite,  ou  le  point  de  reunion  du  peiiple  francais. 
S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  12.    Written  in  November  (p.  5  et  passim). 

Crimes  et  forfaits  de  la  noblesse  et  du  clerge,  depuis  le  commence- 
ment de  la  monarchie  jusqu'd  nos  jours.  Paris,  s.  d.  Pp.  vi-164.  The 
author,  according  to  Barbier,  was  Jacques-Antoine  Dulaure.  I  am 
able  only  to  guess  at  the  date  of  publication. 


34  Hozvard  College  Bulletin 

Deliberation  a  prendre  par  le  tiers  etat  dans  toiites  les  munici- 
palites  du  royaume  de  France.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  6.  This  was  a  model 
"deliberation".  On  December  17,  1788,  it  was  condemned  by  the 
Parlement  of  Paris  (See  Brette,  Recueil  de  Documents,  I.  34). 

Denonciation  au  public  a  I'occasion  de  quelques  ecrits  anonymes, 
particulierement  d'une  comedie  ayant  pour  titre :  "La  cour  pleniere", 
calomnieusement  attribucs  a  M.   Bergasse;   avec   des   details  sur  sa 

retraite  en  Suisse suivi  d'une  lettre  missive  aux  notables.    Paris, 

novembre  1788.     Pp.  44.    At  the  end  of  the  "lettre  missive"  appears: 
"Paris,  ce  13  novembre  1788.     Signe,  Patriophile". 

De  la  deputation  aux  etats  generaux,  par  M.  Roederer,  conseiller 
au  parlement  de  Metz,  de  la  societe  royale  des  sciences  et  arts  de  la 
meme  ville.  S.  I.,  8  de  novembre  1788.  Pp.  88.  Roederer  composed 
this  pamphlet  during  September  and  October  (See  Oeuvres  du  comte 
P.  L.  Roederer,  pair  de  France,  membre  de  I'Institut,  etc.  etc.  etc., 
publiees  par  son  fils  le  baron  A.  M.  Roederer,  ancien  pair  de  France 
....  Paris,  1858,  VII.  537  et  seq.).  In  September,  1789,  Roederer 
was  elected  deputy  by  the  city  of  Metz  to  replace  Pierre  Maujean 
whose  election  had  been  annulled  by  the  National  Assembly.  A  well 
written  pamphlet;  a  fine  sample  of  what  could  be  done  by  a  disciple 
of  Locke,  Rousseau,  and  Montesquieu. 

De  la  difference  qu'  il  y  a  entre  les  etats  generaux  et  les  asscmblees 
nationales,  etc.     (See  below:  N^ote  essentielle,  etc.). 

Discours  de  M.  V.,  avocat  au  parlement  de  Dijon,  a  son  ordre 
assemble,  le  3  decembre  1788.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  20  Favors  the  preten- 
sions of  the  third  estate. 

Eclaircissement  a  I'amiable  entre  la  noblesse  et  le  tiers  etat.  S.  I. 
n.  d.  Pp.  18.  On  page  16  appears  an  Addition  du  25  novembre  1788. 
In  a  signed  Lettre  a  MM.  les  deputes  du  tiers  etat  de  Bretagne  actuelle- 
ment  a  Paris,  dated  February  3,  1789,  Toustain  de  Richebourg  admits 
that  he  was  the  author  of  the  Eclaircissement.  He  signed  himself 
Vicomte  de  Toustain-Richebourg,  Chevalier  de  Saint-Louis,  ancien 
commissaire  aux  etats  de  Bretagne.  Contends  that  the  States  General 
should  be  convoked  and  composed  in  accordance  with  the  form  ob- 
served in  1614.  Published,  probably,  between  November  28  and  Decem- 
ber 12. 

tI  I  Bssai  sur  les  privileges.     Nouvelle  edition.     S.  I.,  1789.     Pp.  54. 

j  On  page  1  is  the  following  note :  "La  premiere  edition  de  cet  opuscule 
i  a  paru  en  novembre  1788".  This  was  the  only  pamphlet  published  in 
)  1788  by  the  Abbe  Sieyes.    His  famous  pamphlet,  Qu'est-ce  que  le  tiers 


Howard  College  Studies  25 

etat?  appeared  early  in  January,  1789.  Elected  to  the  States  General 
as  a  deputy  of  the  third  estate  for  Paris,  his  revolutionary  role  is  well 
known.    Died  at  Paris  in  1836. 

Des  etats  generaux  de  Prance.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  On  page  14-15 
is  a  reference  to  the  clergy  and  nobility  of  Dauphine  which  seems  to 
indicate  that  the  pamphlet  was  published  in  November.  Opposed  to 
the  clergy  as  a  separate  order;  favors  the  bicameral  system  of  legis- 
lation. 

Des  etats  generaux,  de  la  forme  qu'on  pourrait  etahlir  pour  les 
convoquer,  leur  faire  operer  le  bien  que  le  roi  et  la  nation  ont  le  droit 
d'en  attendre,  et  reponse  aiix  propositions,  remplies  de  sagesse,  de  M. 
le  directeur  general  des  fitmnces,  dans  son  discours  aux  notables. 
S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  Necker's  discourse  to  the  notables  was  delivered 
on  November  6.  This  pamphlet  is  found  in  the  Archives  Nationales, 
B^  7,  and  the  accompanying  letter  is  signed  at  Paris  the  28th  of  Novem- 
ber, 1788,  by  Sabatier. 

Bxtrait  d'un  ouvrage  imprime  a  Rennes,  intitide:     "La  sentinelle 

du  peuple  aux  gens  de  toutes  professions composant  le  tiers  de 

la  province  de  Bretagne" .    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  7.    An  allegory. 

De  la  formation  des  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  On  page 
1-2  these  words  occur :  "Telle  est  la  question  sur  laquelle  on  consulte 
les  notables".  Published  during  the  assembly  of  notables.  Insists  that 
the  orders  deliberate  in  common  and  count  the  votes  "par  tete".  As  a 
last  resource,  insurrection. 

De  la  formation  des  etats  generaux.  S.  I.,  decembre  1788.  Pp.  91. 
On  page  75  is  a  reference  to  the  meeting  of  the  States  General  in 
January.  This  indicates  that  the  pamphlet  was  written  before  Decem- 
ber 27.     Favors  the  third  estate. 

La  France  plus  qu'anglaise,  ou  comparison  entre  la  procedure 
entamee  a  Paris  le  25  septembre  1788  contre  les  ministres  du  roi  de 
Prance,  et  le  proces  intente  a  Londres  en  1640,  au  comte  de  Strafford, 
principal  ministre  de  Charles  premier,  roi  d'Angleterre;  avec  reflexions 
sur  le  danger  imminent  dont  les  entreprises  de  la  robe  menacent  la 
nation  et  les  particidiers.  Par  M.  Linguet.  Bruxelles,  1788.  Pp.  147. 
On  page  16  appears  the  date  October  20,  1788.  Hardy  mentions  this 
pamphlet  in  his  Journal  (VIII.  162)  under  date  of  December  5,  1788. 
The  author  defends  himself  for  advising  national  bankruptcy  in  No. 
116  of  his  Annales  and  denounces  the  Parlement  of  Paris  for  condemn- 
ing his  writings. 


26  Howard  College  Bulletin 

Les  Gracches  francais,  suite  dii  "Trihun  du  peuple",  ait  peuple. 
Paris,  1788.  Pp.  15.  Written  after  October  15,  1788  (See  page  10). 
Condemned  by  the  Parlement  of  Rennes  on  January  8,  1789  (See 
Brette,  Recueil  de  documents,  I.  251).  The  author,  according  to  Bar- 
bier,  was  Michel-Ange-Bernard  Mangourit.  It  would  appear  that 
Mangourit  pubHshed  the  first  edition  of  this  pamphlet  at  Nantes,  chez 
Malassis,  in  1787.  (See  Barbier's  note.  Cf.  Cherest,  La  chute  de 
I'ancien  regime,  II.  65-66).  Opposed  to  the  parlements.  Of  little 
value. 

Idees  d'un  patriate,  citoyen  de  la  capitate.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  7.  A  list 
of  desired  reforms.    I  can  only  guess  at  the  date  of  publication. 

Lettrc  a  M.  le  comte  rf^***,  autcur  d'un  ouvrage  intitide :  "Le 
hen  sens" .  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  22.  Opposed  to  the  bicameral  system  of 
legislation.  The  author,  according  to  Barbier,  was  the  Comte  Alex- 
andre de  Lameth.  Born  in  1760,  Alexandre  de  Lameth  was  brought 
up  to  the  profession  of  arms.  Fought  in  America;  aide-de-camp  to 
Rochambeau.  Elected  to  the  States  General  as  a  deputy  of  the  nobility 
of  Peronne,  he  was  the  first  of  the  nobles  to  unite  with  the  third 
estate;  with  Duport  and  Barnave  he  formed  the  famous  "triumvirate" 
in  the  Constituent  Assembly.  Died  in  1829.  For  the  pamphlet  entitled 
Le  bon  sens,  see  above. 

Lettrc  a  un  ami  sur  I'assemhlee  dcs  notables.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  23. 
Dated  at  Paris  the  6th  of  November,  1788.  Opposed  to  the  form  ob- 
served in  1614. 

Lettre  de  M.  Aimant,  vicaire  a  Philanthropie  en  Montagne,  d  la 
noblesse  de  Franche-Comte.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  14.  I  can  only  guess  at 
the  date  of  publication. 

Lettre  de  M.  Le  Goasre  de  Kervelegan,  senechal  de  Quimper- 
Corentin,  a  M.  Balais,  subdelegue,  a  Nantes,  de  Mgr.  Bertrand  de 
Mollcville,  encore  intendant  de  Bretagne.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  47.  Dated 
at  Quimper  the  17th  of  November,  1788. 

Lettre  ecrite  au  roi  par  les  trois  ordres  de  la  province  de  Dauphine, 
sur  les  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  Dated  at  Romans  the  8th 
of  November,  1788.  Signed  by  the  Archbishop  of  Vienne  as  president 
and  by  Mounier  as  secretary.  A  pamphlet  of  unusual  influence.  For 
a  criticism,  see  below :   Observations  sur  la  lettre  des  etats  du  Dauphine. 

Lettre  sur  "Les  etats  generaux  convoques  par  Louis  XV I"  et 
composes  par  M.  Target;  par  le  comte  de  Lauraguais.  6^.  /.,  1788. 
Pp.  42.  On  the  copy  in  the  White  Library,  Cornell  University,  is  the 
following  manuscript  note:   "Paris  le  19  9^^®".    Mentioned,  under  date 


Hoiuard  College  Studies  37 

of  November,  in  Correspondance  litteraire,  philosophique  et  critique  de 
Grimm  et  de  Diderot,  depuis  1753  jusq'en  1790  (Nouvelle  edition. 
Paris,  1831),  XIV.  180-181.  On  page  41  is  a  reference  to  an  arret  of 
November  1,  1788.  Contends  that  deputies  to  the  States  General  were 
only  "mandate-bearers"  of  the  sovereign  electors.  See  above,  section 
II :   Dissertation  sur  les  assemhlees  nationales,  etc. 

Lettres  aux  notables,  sur  la  forme  et  I'objet  des  etats  generaux, 
par  M.  P.-V.  de  Calonges.  Londres,  1788.  Pp.  59.  The  author  an- 
nounces that  he  is  going  to  write  a  Lettre  every  week  for  five  weeks. 
I  have  found  only  three  of  his  Lettres.    An  obscure  writer. 

Lettres  d'un  avocat  a  un  puhliciste,  a  I'occasion  de  la  prochaine 
assemblee  des  etats  generaux  du  royaume.  S.  I.,  1788.  Two  letters: 
the  first  (23  pages)  dated  November  18,  1788,  and  the  second  (43 
pages)  dated  November  24,  1788.  In  the  Archives  Nationales,  B^.  2, 
is  a  manuscript  copy  of  a  part  of  this  pamphlet.  Around  the  manu- 
script are  folded  two  letters  written  to  Necker,  one  dated  November  21 
and  the  other  November  25,  1788.  Both  letters  were  written  at  Mont- 
pellier  and  signed  J.  Albisson.  Attached  is  a  sort  of  synopsis  or  sum- 
mary of  the  contents  of  the  pamphlet,  apparently  for  the  benefit  of 
the  Minister.  This  summary  is  dated  December  6,  1788,  and  is  not 
in  the  handwriting  of  Albisson.  These  facts  seem  to  indicate  that  the 
pamphlet  was  published  about  the  first  of  December,  1788.  Albisson 
was  born  at  Montpellier  in  1732.  Before  the  Revolution  he  was 
archivist  and  member  of  the  conseil  des  etats  du  Languedoc. 

Memoire  sur  la  necessite  d'admettre  dans  le  nombre  des  deputes 
du  tiers  etat,  des  representants  du  commerce  exterieur  et  interieur  du 
royaume,  par  un  negociant  de  Bordeaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  15.  Written 
while  the  notables  were  in  session  (pages  2  and  7). 

A  la  nation  frangaise  et  aux  notables  assembles. — Projet  qui  peut 
interesser,  etre  utile  ou  au  moins  inspirer  quelques  sentiments  de 
patriotisme.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  63.  Plan  for  the  establishment  of  a  bank 
and  for  a  popular  subscription  for  paying  off  the  national  deficit.  This 
pamphlet  is  found  in  the  Archives  Nationales,  B^.  6.  An  accompany- 
ing letter  indicates  that  the  pamphlet  was  published  on  November  27, 
1788. 

A  la  nation  frangaise,  sur  les  vices  de  son  goiivcrnement,  etc.  See 
below :  Second  avis  a  la  nation,  sur  les  vices  de  son  gouvernement,  etc. 

Aux  notables  assembles.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  19.  At  the  end  of  the 
pamphlet  one  finds  the  following  signature  and  localization:  "Brun 
de  la  Combe,  prete,  licencie  es  loix,  etc.  Paris,  3  novembre  1788". 
See  above,  section  I :  La  France  regeneree,  etc. 


38  Howard  College  Bulletin 

Note  essentielle  a  I'usage  de  MM.  les  notables.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  32. 
According  to  a  manuscript  note  on  the  copy  in  the  Bibliotheque  Na- 
tionale,  the  date  is  November  15,  1788.  On  page  7  is  a  reference  to 
the  arret  of  October  5.  Another  edition  of  this  pamphlet  bears  the 
following  title :  De  la  difference  qu'  il  y  a  entre  les  etats  generaux  et 
les  assemblies  nationales,  ou  principes  radicaux  de  la  constitution.  S.  I., 
1789.  Pp.  41.  The  author  argues  that  the  clergy  should  have  a  tenth 
of  the  deputies  in  the  States  General,  the  nobility  a  sixth,  and  the  third 
estate  the  rest. 

Observations  et  resultats  sur  la  progression  du  deficit  dans  les 
finances,  sur  les  moyens  de  le  combler,  sur  la  repartition  proportionnelle 
des  impots,  sur  les  privileges  et  abonnements,  sur  les  rentes  viageres, 

Par  M.  Tur A.  D.  E.  D.     Neuchatel  et  Paris,  1788. 

Pp.  41.  On  page  35  is  a  reference  to  October  5.  On  page  41  is  the 
following:  "Ces  observations  ont  ete  faites  pour  etre  publiees  avant 
I'assemblee  des  notables."    Published  probably  in  November. 

Observations  sur  la  lettre  des  etats  du  Dauphine  au  roi,  sur  les 
etats  generaux,  du  8  novenibre  1788.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  47.  On  page  5 
is  a  reference  to  "la  premiere  brochure  de  M.  T***".  Evidently  the 
writer  knew  about  Target's  second  pamphlet  which  appeared  about 
November  15.  Published  probably  toward  the  end  of  November, 
Opposed  to  the  demands  of  the  third  estate. 

Observations  sur  le  projet  de  former  une  assemblee  nationale  sur 
le  modele  des  etats  generaux  de  1614.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  27.  The  author, 
according  to  Barbier,  was  the  Abbe  Andre  Morellet.  On  page  17  is 
a  reference  to  Target's  pamphlet  and  the  following  comment:     "Dans 

la  suite  de  cet  ecrit  nouvellement  publiee "    This  would  indicate 

that  Morellet's  pamphlet  was  written  toward  the  end  of  November  and 
published  probably  soon  afterwards.  Favors  the  demands  of  the  third 
estate.  Morellet  was  a  friend  of  Turgot,  Voltaire  and  Rousseau ;  con- 
tributed articles  to  the  Encyclopedic;  member  of  the  Academic  Fran- 
gaise  since  1785;  died  at  Paris,  1819,  at  the  age  of  92. 

Petit  colloque  elementaire  entre  M.  A.  et  M.  B.  sur  les  abus,  le 
droit,  la  raison,  les  etats  generaux,  les  parlements,  et  tout  ce  qui 
s'ensuit;  par  un  vieux  jurisconsulte  allobroge.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  61. 
Rings  the  changes  on  all  the  crying  abuses  in  a  series  of  questions  and 
answers.  Calculated  to  stir  up  unrest  among  the  non-privileged  classes. 
Leads  the  reader  to  fear  that  the  parlements  were  intriguing  against 
the  convocation  of  the  States  General.  On  page  58  is  a  reference  to 
the  arret  of  September  25.  At  least  three  additions.  The  author,  ac- 
cording to  Barbier,  was  A.  J.  M.  Servan.  See  above :  Avis  au  public, 
et  principalement  au  tiers  etat,  etc. 


Howard  College  Studies  29 

Petite  lettre  sur  les  deux  premiers  volumes  de  la  fameuse  compila- 
tion en  dix  ou  douse  volumes concernant  les  etats  generaux  et 

autres  assemhlees  nationales,  qui  se  vend  chez  Buisson.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  32.  On  page  12  is  an  indirect  reference  to  the  declaration  of 
September  23. 

Petition  adressee  aux  notables.  By  Petion.  I  have  not  seen  this 
pamphlet.  The  title  is  mentioned  in  Oeuvres  de  Jerome  Petion  (Paris, 
TAn  premier  de  la  republique,  4  vols),  II,  in  avertissement  of  the 
editor,  p.  1. 

Petition  des  citoyens  domicilies  a  Paris,  du  8  decemhre  1788.  Paris 
1788,  in  quarto.  Pp.  20.  By  the  famous  Dr.  Guillotin.  For  the 
attempt  of  the  Parlement  of  Paris  to  punish  the  author  and  publishers 
of  this  pamphlet,  see  Chassin,  Les  Elections  et  les  Cahiers  de  Paris 
en  1789  (Paris,  1888),  I.  47  et  seq.  A  remarkably  clear,  complete  and 
moderate  expression  of  the  opinions  of  the  third  estate. 

Le  preservatif  contre  I'  "Avis  a  mes  compatriotes",  avec  des  obser- 
vations sur  I'affaire  presente,  par  un  membre  des  etats  du  Dauphine. 
S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  25.  Barbier  attributes  this  pamphlet  to  Lanjuinais  and 
it  appears  in  the  Oeuvres  de  J.-D.  Lanjuinais  (Paris,  1832.  4  vols.), 
I.  127-145.  In  the  Oeuvres  the  date  is  given  as  October,  1788,  but  this 
is  inaccurate.  The  pamphlet  contains  references  (See  Oeuvres,  I.  142 
and  145)  to  Des  conditions  necessaires,  etc.,  Catechisme  du  citoyen,  and 
Arrete,  which  were  published  in  November  (See  above).  Favors  the 
contention  of  the  third  estate.  Jean-Denis  Lanjuinais  was  born  at 
Rennes  in  1753 ;  professor  of  law  at  Rennes  and  avocat  conseil  des 
trois  ordres  des  etats  de  Bretagne.  Elected  to  the  States  General  as 
a  deputy  of  the  third  estate  for  the  senechaussee  of  Rennes,  he  played 
a  prominent  role  in  the  Constituent  Assembly ;  a  deputy  to  the  Conven- 
tion, voted  with  the  Girondists;  lived  to  be  a  peer  of  France  under 
Louis  XVIII.  Died  in  1827.  For  the  pamphlet  mentioned  in  the  title, 
see  above,  section  II :    A  mes  compatriotes. 

Les  principes  du  gouvernement  simplies  et  reduits  a  sept  unites 
naturelles.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  122.  This  pamphlet  is  bound  with  another 
entitled  Crimes  et  forfaits  de  la  noblesse,  etc.  (See  above).  On  page 
13  is  a  reference  to  the  Considerations  tres  importantes,  etc.  of  Rabaut 
de  Saint-Etienne  (See  above,  section  II).  Favors  the  demands  of  the 
third  estate. 

Principes  sur  la  constitution  de  la  France  et  des  etats  generaux. 
S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  47.  Demands  the  abolition  of  all  political  distinctions. 
Written  while  the  notables  were  in  session  (See  pages  5  and  20). 


30  Howard  College  Bulletin 

Projet  d'edit  pour  la  restauration  de  la  chose  publique,  la  convo- 
cation reguliere  des  etats  generaux,  la  restauration  des  anciennes  cours 

plenieres,  le  rappel  des  parlements S.I.,  1788.    Pp.  115.    Signed 

by  Duclosel  d'Arneri.  On  page  7  is  a  reference  to  the  notables  being 
in  session,  but  in  the  title  the  words  "le  rappel  des  parlements"  seem 
to  indicate  a  date  earlier  than  September  23,  Author  obscure  and 
pamphlet  unimportant. 

Protestation  contre  la  forme  des  etats  generaux  de  1614,  et  seul 
moyen  d'imprimer  un  caractere  legal  a  celle  de  la  prochaine  assemblee 
nationale,  suivie  d'une  lettre  a  MM.  du  conseil  general  de  la  ville  de 
Nimes  en  Languedoc,  et  d'une  reponse  au  memoire  des  six  corps  des 
marchands  de  Paris;  par  M.  5***.  S.  l,  1788.  Pp.  46.  At  the  end 
of  the  "lettre"  appears :  "Paris,  ce  25  novembre  1788".  Signed : 
Baumier.  Appeals  to  the  dictates  of  reason  and  justice  in  favor  of 
the  demands  of  the  third  estate. 

Protestations  de  M.  Linguet  contre  les  arrets  du  parlcment  de 
Paris  des  25  et  27  septembre  1788.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  12.  Bears  the  fol- 
lowing localization:  "Bruxelles,  7  novembre".  The  Parlement  of  Paris 
had  condemned  Linguet's  writings  in  favor  of  national  bankruptcy. 

Recit  de  ce  qui  se  passe  a  I'ignoble  assemblee  des  notables.  S.  I., 
1788.     Pp.  6. 

Reclamations  du  tiers  etat  et  supplique  au  roi.  S.  I.,  novembre 
1788,  Pp.  18.  Favors  an  upper  and  a  lower  chamber.  On  page  13 
this  appears :  "La  necessite  de  cette  division  est  plus  amplement 
developee  dans  un  ouvrage  qui  vient  d'etre  public  et  qui  est  intitule: 
A  la  nation  francaise,  sur  les  vices  de  son  gouvernement."  For  the 
pamphlet  mentioned,  see  above. 

Reflexions  d'un  citoyen  de  Besancon,  sur  les  privileges  et  im- 
munites  de  la  noblesse,  par  M.  L.  D.  W .  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  28.  Bears 
this  localization :  Besangon,  ce  26  novembre  1788.  Another  edition, 
dated  1789,  has  this  title:  Reflexions  d'un  citoyen  de  Franche-Comte 
sur  les  privileges  et  iminunites  dc  la  noblesse,  par  M.  L.  D.  W. 

Reflexions  d'un  magistrat  sur  la  question  du  nombre  et  celle  de 
I'opinion  par  ordre  ou  par  tete.  S.  I.,  7  decembre  1788.  Pp.  7.  Strongly 
opposed  to  the  demands  of  the  third  estate.  The  author,  according  to 
Barbier,  was  J. -J.  Duval  d'Epremesnil.  In  a  pamphlet  entitled 
Declaration  de  M.  d'Epremesnil  au  sujet  d'un  imprime,  he  admits  that 
he  was  the  author  of  the  Reflexions.  In  the  struggles  between  the 
King  and  the  Parlement  of  Paris,  during  1787  and  1788,  d'Epremesnil 
played  a  leading  role,  but  he  wanted  the  States  General  convoked  and 
composed  as  in  1614.     Elected  to  the  States  General  as  a  deputy  of 


Howard  College  Studies  31 

the  nobility  for  the  prevote  et  vicomte  de  Paris-hors-les-murs,  he  took 
up  his  position  on  the  right  of  the  assembly  and  ardently  defended 
privileges  and  the  royal  authority.     Guillotined  in  April,  1794. 

Reflexions  de  Jean-Baptiste,  porteur-d'eau,  et  qui  plus  est,  citoyen; 
avec  une  apologie  des  sentiments  de  la  cour  ct  des  pretentions  du  tiers 
etat.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  28.  Favors  a  double  representation  for  the  third 
estate  and  deliberation  "par  tete".  I  can  only  guess  at  the  date  of 
publication. 

Reflexions  patriotiques  sur  I'arrete  de  quelqucs  nobles  de  Bretagne, 
du  25  octobre  1788.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  30.  An  autograph  note  of  the 
author  says :  "M.  de  Volney,  auteur  de  La  Sentinelle  du  Peuple,  ni'a 
fourni  des  materiaux  pour  cet  ouvrage,  dont  il  y  a  en  deux  editions 
en  trois  jours."  The  pamphlet  is  a  severe  criticism  of  the  Arrete  listed 
above.  Barbier  attributes  the  pamphlet  to  Lanjuinais  and  it  appears 
in  the  Oeuvres  de  J.-D.  Lanjuinais  (Paris,  1833),  I.  105-126.  See 
above :   Le  preservatif,  etc. 

Reflexions  sur  la  prochaine  tcniie  des  etats  generaux,  par  un 
membre  de  I'ordre  de  la  noblesse.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  54.  By  "M. 
d'Houlieres",  according  to  a  manuscript  note  on  the  copy  in  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale.  Mentioned  in  La  Sentinelle  du  Peuple  (No. 
III.  17)  under  date  of  December  5,  1788,  and  attributed  to  "M.  le 
comte  d'H  ,  .  .  res,  gentilhomme  d'Anjou".  Published  probably  in 
November. 

Reflexions  sur  la  reformation  des  etats  generaux,  par  un  ancien 
magistrat  du  P  ....  de  G  ...  .  S.  I.,  1788,  Pp.  43.  By  Servan, 
according  to  a  manuscript  note  on  one  of  the  copies  in  the  White 
Library,   Cornell   University.     Attributed   to   Servan   in   Exam  en   de 

quelques  pretentions  et  demandes par  un  depute  de  la  noblesse 

.  .  .  .  (S.  I.  n.  d.),  33,  35.  On  page  7  the  author  speaks  of  awaiting 
"I'equite  des  notables".  Published  probably  in  November.  Favors  the 
demands  of  the  third  estate.  For  an  account  of  Servan,  see  above: 
Avis  au  public,  et  principalement  au  tiers  etat,  etc. 

Reflexions  sur  les  pouvoirs  ct  instructions  a  donncr  par  les 
provinces  a  leurs  deputes  aux  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  This 
seems  to  be  the  first  edition.  On  page  2  these  words  occur:  "La 
nation  est  convoquee  pour  le  mois  de  Janvier  prochain.  Les  notables 
sent  assembles."  This  seems  to  indicate  October  or  November  as  the 
date  of  composition.  In  the  "seconde  edition"  {S.  I.,  1789.  Pp.  29) 
these  phrases  are  changed.  Another  edition  {S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  59) 
purports  to  be  "par  quatre  magistrats  du  parlement  de  Paris".  A 
manuscript  note  on  the  copy  of  this  edition  in  the  Bibliotheque  his- 


32  Howard  College  Bulletin 

torique  de  la  ville  de  Paris  attributes  the  pamphlet  to  Servan.  Barbier 
gives  another  edition  (5*.  /.,  1788.  Pp.  24)  and  attributes  it  to  the 
Marquis  de  Semonville,  who  was  conseiller  aux  enquetes  du  parlement 
de  Paris.  The  pamphlet  is  reprinted  in  the  Oeuvrcs  de  Condorcet 
puhliees  par  A.  Condorcet  O'Connor,  Lieutenant-General,  et  M.  P. 
Arago,  secretaire  perpetuel  de  V Academic  des  Sciences,  Vol.  IX.  Thus 
the  authorship  is  disputed,  and  I  am  unable  to  settle  the  dispute.  The 
pamphlet  is  a  discussion  of  six  important  demands  to  be  made  by  the 
States  General.     Favorable  to  the  third  estate. 

Reponse  de  I'aiiteur  de  I'ouvrage  intitide  "Le  bon  sens"  a  la  lettre 
qu'il  a  recue  a  cette  occasion.  S.  1.,  1788.  Pp.  25.  See  above:  Lettre 
a  M.  le  Comte  J^***,  etc. 

Reqiiete  des  femmes  pour  leur  admission  aux  etats  generaux,  h 
messieurs  cornposants  I'assemhlee  des  notables.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  19. 
The  argument  seems  to  be  serious.  Since  women  were  too  useful  and 
influential  to  be  left  out  of  account,  they  ought  to  be  allowed  to  form 
a  fourth  order  and  have  a  representation  in  the  States  General. 

Reqiiete  du  tiers  etat  au  roi.  S.  1.  n.  d.  Pp.  8.  Barbier  attributes 
this  pamphlet  to  J.-B.  Huet  de  Froberville  and  gives  the  localization 
as  Orleans,  December  1,  1788.  Favorable  to  the  third  estate.  An 
appeal  to  the  dictates  of  reason  and  justice. 

Reqiiete  et  avis  d'un  citoyen  du  Dauphine,  aux  membres  respec- 
tables qui  doivent  composer  les  etats  generaux  du  royaume,  convoques 
par  le  roi  Louis  XVI  pour  Ic  mois  de  Janvier  1789.  Bruxelles,  1788. 
Pp.  57. 

Resume  propose  aux  notables.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  7.  By  the  Comte 
de  Lauraguais.  The  evidence  of  authorship  is  found  in  a  pamphlet 
with  the  following  title  and  date :  Lettre  sur  "Les  etats  generaux 
convoques  par  Louis  XVI"  et  composes  par  M.  Target;  par  le  comte 
de  Lauraguais.  On  y  a  joint  le  "Resume"  que  le  meme  auteur  a 
propose  aux  notables  (S.  I.,  1788).  For  an  account  of  the  Comte  de 
Lauraguais,  see  above,  section  II:  Dissertation  sur  les  assemblees 
nationales,  etc. 

Second  avis  important  a  la  nation  sur  les  vices  de  son  gouverne- 
ment,  sur  la  necessite  d'etablir  une  constitution,  et  sur  la  composition 
des  etats  generaux,  adresse  d  I'assemblee  des  notables  par  I'auteur  de 
r  "Avis  important  sur  le  ministere  et  sur  I'assemblee  prochaine  des 
etats  generaux".  S.  I.,  novembre  1788.  Pp.  67.  Another  edition 
bears  the  following  title :  A  la  nation  frangaise  sur  les  vices  de  son 
gouvernement,  sur  la  necessite  d'etablir  une  constitution,  et  sur  la  com- 


Howard  College  Studies  33 

position  des  etats  generaux.  S.  I.,  novembre  1788.  Pp.  96.  Still  an- 
other edition  is  dated  1789.  Favors  the  bicameral  system.  The  author, 
according  to  Barbier,  was  Rabaut  de  Saint-Etienne.  See  above,  sec- 
tion II :  Avis  important  sur  le  ministere,  etc. 

La  sentinelle  du  peuple,  anx  gens  de  toiitcs  professions,  sciences, 
arts,  commerce  et  metiers,  composant  le  tiers  etat  de  la  province  de 
Bretagnc ;  par  un  proprietairc  en  ladite  province.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Five  num- 
bers, November  10-December  35,  1788.  Barbier  attributes  this  pamph- 
let to  Monsodive  and  adds :  "On  dit  que  Volney  etait  son  collabora- 
teur".  Opposed  to  privileges.  Condemned  by  the  Parlement  of  Paris 
on  March  6,  1789  (See  Brette,  Rccucil  de  documents,  I.  42).  In  the 
Introduction  to  the  Moniteur  (page  230),  which  was  published  in  the 
Year  IV  of  the  Republic,  La  sentinelle  du  peuple  is  thus  described: 
"Ouvrage  qui  parut  par  cahiers,  et  se  distribue  clandestinement  en 
1787  et  1788.  II  en  parut  30  numeros;  tons  les  arguments  des  avocats 
de  la  noblesse  y  etaient  habilement  refutes".  I  have  seen  only  the  five 
numbers  mentioned  above.  Perhaps  no  more  found  their  way  into 
print. 

Soliloqiie  d'un  patriote,  touchant  la  forme  de  la  prochaine  as- 
semblee  des  etats  generaux  du  royaume.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  4.  Opposed 
to  the  demands  of  the  third  estate.  Date  of  publication  was,  probably, 
early  December. 

Suite  de  Fecrit  intitule :  Les  etats  generaux  convoques  par  Louis 
XVL  S.  l,  1788.  Pp.  41.  Under  date  of  November  18,  1788,  Hardy, 
in  his  Journal,  comments  on  this  pamphlet  as  follows:  "Ce  jour  on 
distribuait  au  Palais,  tout  mouille  et  paraissant  sortir  de  dessous  la 
presse,  un  ouvrage  nouveau  de  Maitre  Target,  ancient  avocat  au  parle- 
ment, I'un  des  Quarante  de  I'Academie  Frangaise,  sur  la  convocation 

des  etats  generaux  ordonnes  par  Louis  XVI On  entendait  dire 

beaucoup  de  bien  de  cet  ouvrage  qui  avait  ete  distribue  aux  notables." 
See  above,  section  II:  Les  etats  generaux  convoques,  etc. 

Sur  cette  question :  Est-il  necessaire  ou  utile  que  les  etats  generaux 
de  1789  soient  convoques  dans  la  forme  de  ceux  de  1614 f  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  8.  An  appeal  to  reason  and  justice  in  favor  of  the  demands  of 
the  third  estate. 

Sur  la  liberie  de  la  presse,  imite  de  I'anglais  de  Milton,  par  le 
comte  de  Mirabeau.  Londres,  1788.  Pp.  66.  On  page  64  the  author 
says:  "On  imprimait  cette  feuille  lorsque  I'arrete  du  parlement  de 
Paris,  du  5  de  ce  mois,  a  paru."  A  second  edition  bears  the  localiza- 
tion "Paris,  1792".  Mirabeau  refrained  from  writing  any  pamphlet 
upon  the  convocation  and  composition  of  the  States  General  lest  he 
jeopardize  his  chances  of  being  elected  as  a  deputy. 


34  Howard  College  Bulletin 

Systeme  sur  la  formation  de  I'assemblee  des  etats  generaux  en 
France,  siir  la  formation  des  etats  provinciaux  et  de  toute  autre  as- 
semblee  nationale,  par  M.  Pelletier.  Paris,  1789.  Pp.  24.  On  page  1-2 
of  another  pamphlet  by  Pelletier  entitled  La  regeneration  de  la  France, 
ou  essais  sur  la  reformation  que  les  etats  generaux  ont  a  faire  dans  leur 

constitution (S.  I.,  1789),  he  says  that  his  Systeme  sur  la 

formation  appeared  in  November  1788. 

Themis  devoilee,  dediee  aux  etats  generaux.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  46. 
Signed :  P.  F.***,  citoyen.  Opposed  to  the  parlements.  Mentioned 
in  the  Journal  of  Hardy  under  date  of  December  5,  1788. 

Le  tiers  etat  eclaire,  ou  ses  droits  justifies.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  23. 
Another  edition  bears  the  following  title:  Le  tiers  etat  entierement 
eclaire  sur  ses  droits,  ou  supplement  a  I'  "Avis  important" ,  par  le  meme 
auteur;  suivi  des  "Principcs  de  Messieurs  Necker  et  de  Fenelon  sur 
V administration"  et  "De  la  difference  de  trois  mois  en  1788"  par  le 
marquis  de  Casaux.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  52.  The  author  of  Avis  impor- 
tant seems  to  have  been  Rabaut  de  Saint-Etienne  (See  above,  section 
II:  Considerations  tres  importantes,  etc.).  On  page  4  is  a  reference 
to  the  arrets  of  September  25.  The  pamphlet  was  published,  probably, 
in  November. 

Le  tiers-etat-gibier  c  ont  re  le  tiers-etat-humain,  ou  plaint  es, 
doleances  et  petitions  tres  serieuses  de  vingt-six  millions  de  lievres  et 
de  quatre-vingt  cinq  millions  de  perdrix,  seidement,  formant  le  bas 
peuple  gibier  de  neuf  cents  territoires,  seulement,  des  environs  de  Paris 

S.  I.  n.  d.     Pp.  8.     A  sarcastic  pamphlet  against  privileges. 

I  can  only  guess  at  the  date  of  publication. 

Le  tiers  etat  soulage,  ou  voeu  d'un  citoyen,  etc.  See  below :  Voeu 
d'un  citoyen,  etc. 

Tres  humbles  supplications  aux  notables  patriot  es.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  7.    Argument  in  favor  of  vote  "par  tete". 

Les  veritables  interets  des  trois  ordres  qui  composent  la  nation 
rapproches.    S.  I.,  1788.     Pp.  14.    Written  after  November  6. 

Voeu  d'un  citoyen  pour  la  conversion  des  dimes  en  un  impot 
territorial  qui  sera  pergu  au  profit  de  I'etat.  S.  1.,  1788.  Pp.  16.  On 
the  copy  in  the  Bibliotheque  Nationale  is  the  following  manuscript 
note :  "M.  Mole,  avocat  au  parlement  de  Paris,  qui  me  I'a  donne  le 
14  novembre  88".  Barbier  attributes  the  pamphlet  to  Guill.-Fr.-Roger 
Mole,  avocat  au  parlement  de  Paris.  Another  edition  bears  the  follow- 
ing title :  Le  tiers  etat  soulage,  ou  voeu  d'un  citoyen .S*.  /.,  1788. 

Pp.  15. 


Howard  College  Studies  35 

Les  voeux  d'un  Francais,  ou  considerations  sur  les  principaux 
ohjets  dont  le  roi  et  la  nation  vont  s'occuper.  Paris  et  Versailles,  1788. 
Pp.  135.  A  treatise  on  government.  Nine  chapters  devoted  to  the 
French  monarchy  and  other  chapters  to  the  history  of  France;  the 
origin  and  growth  of  the  Parlement  of  Paris;  the  financial  situation 
in  the  summer  of  1788.  No  mention  of  vote  "par  tete",  etc.  Under 
date  of  December  18,  1788,  Hardy  mentions  this  pamphlet  in  his  Jour- 
nal :  "Cet  ouvrage  qui  ne  pouvait  partir  que  de  la  plume  d'un  homme 
fort  instruit;  on  I'attribue  a  un  conseiller  honoraire  du  parlement  de 
Paris."  Henri  See,  by  what  authority  I  know  not,  attributes  it  to  the 
economist  Lemercier  de  la  Riviere,  in  Les  idees  politiques  en  France  au 
XVnie  siecle  (Paris,  1920),  222.  The  pamphlet  refers  (p.  119)  to 
the  declaration  of  September  23. 

La  voix  d'un  citoyen  sur  la  maniere  de  former  les  etats  generaux, 
par  Pirre  d'Olivier,  cure  d'une  petite  paroisse  de  campagne.  S.  I.,  1788. 
This  pamphlet  is  found  in  the  Archives  Nationales,  B^.  6,  accompanied 
by  a  manuscript  letter  addressed  to  the  Minister  and  dated  November 
27,  1788.  Date  of  publication  was  probably  November.  Favors  the 
third  estate. 


36  Howard  College  Bulletin 

IV 

Pamphlets  published  between  December  12  and  December  27. 

Allegoric  sur  les  differentes  pretentions  du  clerge,  de  la  noblesse 
et  du  tiers  etat.  Bxtrait  de  la  Gazette  des  Tribunaux,  du  lundi  22 
decembre  1788.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  11. 

L'anti-7noteur,  on  reponse  a  la  motion  de  monseigneur  le  prince 
de  Conti,  du  28  novembre  1788.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  7.  At  the  end  of  the 
pamphlet  is  the  following:   "A  Paris,  ce  15  decembre  1788". 

Aux  bons  Francais  de  tous  les  ordres.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  15.  W.ritten 
after  December  12  (See  page  7). 

Aux  Parisiens;  pro  jet  d'assemblees  de  quartiers,  pour  la  ville  de 
Paris.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  30.  According  to  Barbier  the  date  of  this 
pamphlet  was  1788  and  the  author  was  Jacques  Peuchet. 

Avis  a  la  noblesse.  S.  L,  1788.  Pp.  21.  In  Dugour,  A.  J.,  editor, 
Collection  de  pieces  inter essantes,  I.  403-415,  this  pamphlet  is  reprinted, 
dated  December,  1788,  and  attributed  to  Malouet.  Favorable  to  the 
third  estate.  Pierre- Victor  Malouet  was  born  at  Riom  in  1740,  had 
an  adventurous  career  in  the  civil  service,  became  intendant  de  la 
marine  at  Toulon,  was  elected  to  the  States  General  as  a  deputy  of  the 
third  estate,  and  advocated  a  form  of  government  similar  to  that  of 
England. 

Avis  au  public.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  11.  This  pamphlet  deals  ex- 
clusively with  the  Lettre  des  pairs  au  roi,  December  20,  1788  (See  be- 
low).    In  his  Annales  francaises (Paris,  1813),  Sallier  says 

that  this  pamphlet  was  published  in  December,  1788. 

Avis  au  tiers  etat  en  reponse  a  I'auteur  de  "La  sentinelle  du  peuple" 
et  autres  ouvrages  qu'il  a  fails  en  ce  genre.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  22.  The 
sub-title,  or  "title  of  departure",  is  as  follows :  Avis  au  tiers  etat  de  la 
province  d'Anjou.  A  sarcastic  and  bitter  criticism  of  the  demand  for 
a  double  representation  for  the  third  estate  and  deliberation  by  head. 

Avis  aux  Prancais  sur  le  salut  de  la  patrie.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  x-254. 
There  is  an  edition  of  272  pages  dated  1789.  The  pamphlet  was  begun 
and  finished  before  August  25  (See  page  235,  edition  of  1789)  but 
was  not  published  until  the  close  of  the  assembly  of  notables  (See 
page  242,  edition  of  1789).    Reprinted  in  the  Oeuvres  de  Jerome  Petion 

(Paris,  I'an  premier  de  la  republique.     4  vols.),  II.     In  an 

avertissement  which  precedes  the  reprint  (II.  37-38)  the  editors  say: 


Howard  College  Studies  37 

"Quatre  editions  en  furent  faites  rapidement  et  repandues  avec  pro- 
fusion dans  le  royaume.     On  ignora,  d'abord,  que  M.  Petion  en  fut 

I'auteur Beaucoup  de  deputes,  arrivant  des  departements  les 

plus  eloignes,  le  connaissaient  et  en  parlaient  avec  eloge."  It  is  a 
veritable  treatise  on  the  abuses  of  the  old  regime  and  the  reforms  to 
be  effected.  The  author  ridicules  the  study  of  history  and  appeals  to 
the  dictates  of  reason  and  justice.  He  even  goes  so  far  as  to  point 
out  the  advantage  of  having  an  elective  executive,  but  he  does  not  urge 
this  innovation.  See  above,  section  II :  Lettre  d'un  citoyen  de  I'ordre 
du  tiers,  etc. 

Avis  aux  Parisicns  ct  appel  de  toiites  convocations  d'etats  generanx 
ou  les  deputes  du  troisieme  ordre  ne  seraient  pas  superieurs  aux  deux 
autres.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  11.  An  appeal  to  the  "frivolous  Parisians"  to 
shake  off  their  "shameful  apathy"  and  "cold  indifference"  to  the  revo- 
lution.   Radical — almost  incendiary.    In  his  Annales  frangaises 

(Paris,  1813),  236,  Sallier  says  that  this  pamphlet  was  published  and 
spread  broadcast  in  December,  1788.  It  is  also  mentioned  in  Jugement 
du  champ  de  mars,  rendu  le  peuple  assemble,  les  laboureurs  y  seant, 
du  26  decembre  1788  {S  I.  n.  d.),  17.  On  January  8,  1789,  it  was 
condemned  by  the  Parlement  of  Rennes  (Brette,  Recueil  de  documents, 
I.  251).  As  to  authorship,  there  is  an  edition  of  the  pamphlet  in  the 
Bibliotheque  historique  de  la  ville  de  Paris  (600728)  with  the  words 
"par  M.  Linguet"  appended  to  the  title.  Linguet  was  a  lawyer,  pamph- 
leteer, newspaper  man,  frondeur,  ex-prisoner  of  the  Bastille,  and  quite 
notorious  in  his  day. 

Avis  d'un  champenois.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  15.  Favors  voting  by 
head. 

Avis  d'un  comtois  sur  les  etats  gcneraux  et  provinciaux.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  14.     Favors  the  third  estate. 

Avis  d'un  cure  de  Nivernais  sur  Vassemblee  des  etats  generaux. 
S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  47.  According  to  a  manuscript  note  on  the  copy  in  the 
Bibliotheque  Nationale,  the  date  was  December,  1788.  Deals  with 
the  history  of  the  Nivernais  and  its  representatives  in  former  States 
General. 

Avis  salutaire  au  tiers  ctat  sur  ce  qu'il  fut,  ce  qu'il  est,  et  ce  qu'il 
peut  etre,  par  un  jurisconsulte  allobroge.  S.  I.,  1789.  Pp.  32.  Barbier 
attributes  this  pamphlet  to  Joseph-Michel-Antoine  Servan  and  gives 
the  date  as  1788.  Evidently  Barbier  saw  another  edition.  For  an 
account  of  Servan,  see  above,  section  III:  Avis  au  public,  etc. 

Bases  du  regime  a  prescrire  pour  obtenir  une  bonne  constitution 
et  la  restauration  du  corps  social.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  16. 


66412 


38  Hozvard  College  Bulletin 

Catechisme  des  parlements.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  On  page  7  is  a 
reference  to  December  1,  1788.  Condemned  by  the  Parlement  of  Paris 
on  March  6,  1789  (See  Brette,  Recueil  de  documents,  I.  41). 

Catechisme  du  tiers  etat,  a  I'usage  de  toutes  les  provinces  de  France 
et  specialement  de  la  Provence.  S.  I.,  decembre  1788.  Pp.  20.  An  edi- 
tion of  28  pages  was  published  in  1789.  A  series  of  simple  questions 
and  answers  designed,  seemingly,  to  arouse  the  peasants. 

Le  citoyen  conciliateur,  contenant  des  idees  sommaires  politiques  et 
morales  sur  le  gouvernement  monarchique  de  la  France;  suivies  d'un 
projet  de  convocation  des  etats  generaux  du  royaume  sans  s'ecarter  des 
formes  anciennes  et  usitees  aux  dernieres  assembles  nationales  de  ce 

genre par  M.  I'Abbe  de  Lubersac, Paris,  1788.    Pp.  75, 

86,  87.  Dedicated  to  Monsieur  and  bears  Monsieur's  pictures  in  the 
frontispiece.  Primarily  historical.  Ponderous  and  philosophical.  In 
part  iii,  p.  59,  these  words  appear :  "Ce  mois  de  novembre".  This  indi- 
cates that  the  work  was  probably  finished  before  the  close  of  the  as- 
sembly of  notables  and  published  in  December.    Of  no  great  value. 

Commentaire  tres  roturier  sur  le  noble  discours  adresse  par  le 
prince  de  Conti  a  Monsieur,  frere  du  roi.  S.  I.,  1788.  In  another  edi- 
tion, 32  pages,  the  word  "tres"  is  omitted  from  the  title  and  the  follow- 
ing words  are  added:    "dans  I'assemblee  des  notables,  le 1788. 

A  Paris,  et  se  distribue  gratis  a  I'hotel  de  Conti,  1789".  This  pamphlet 
is  a  stinging  and  provoking  comment  on  the  discours,  famous  in  its  day, 
which  the  Prince  de  Conti  addressed  to  the  Comte  de  Provence  on 
November  28,  1788.  In  the  Archives  Parlementaires,  I.  581,  we  read : 
"Cet  ecrit  fut  condamne  par  le  Parlement,  et  I'auteur  force  de  se 
cacher."  According  to  Barbier,  the  author  was  Servan.  See  above, 
section  III :  Avis  au  public,  etc. 

Coup'd'oeil  utile,  s'il  fixe  I'attention  de  mes  concitoyens;  par  M.  P. 
D.  C.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  18.  On  page  10  is  a  reference  to  Target's 
pamphlet  and  the  "suite",  which  helps  to  fix  the  approximate  date  of 
publication.    Of  little  value. 

Le  dernier  mot  du  tiers  etat  a  la  noblesse  de  France.  S.  I.,  23 
decembre  1788.  Pp.  9.  This  is  a  response  to  the  "Memoire  des 
Princes"  drafted  on  December  14. 

Difference  de  trois  mois  en  1788,  par  le  marquis  de  Casaux,  de  la 
societe  royale  de  Londres  et  de  celle  d'agriculture  de  Florence.  S.  I., 
1788.  Pp.  39.  On  page  36  is  a  reference  to  the  second  assembly  of 
notables.  For  an  account  of  the  author,  see  above,  section  II :  Ques- 
tions a  examiner,  etc. 


Howard  College  Studies  39 

Discours  dans  lequel  on  examine  les  deux  questions  suivantes: 
1.  Un  monarque  a-t-il  le  droit  de  changer  de  son  chef  une  constitu- 
tion evidemment  vicieusef  2.  Bst-il  prudent  a  lui,  est-il  de  son  inter et 
de  Ventre  prendre?  Suivi  de  reflexions  pratiques.  Par  le  C.  de 
Windisch-Graetz.  S.  1.,  ?.  Pp.  114.  From  the  copy  in  the  White 
Library,  Cornell  University,  the  date  has  been  entirely  erased  and  the 
following  manuscript  note  has  been  substituted:  "C'est  la  premiere 
edition  de  cet  ouvrage;  il  n'a  jamais  ete  que  reimprime;  cette  impres- 
sion est  de  1788,  les  autres  de  1789  et  sortent  des  presses  de  Paris." 
Arid  and  unimportant. 

Entretien  de  M.  Linguet  et  de  M.  Bergasse.  Bruxelles,  1788.  Pp. 
54.    On  page  53  is  a  reference  to  the  arrete  of  December  5. 

Essai  sur  la  nature,  I'ordre  et  la  forme  des  instructions  qui 
peuvent  etre  donnecs  par  la  province  dc  Dauphine  a  ses  deputes  aux 
prochains  etats  gencranx ;  par  un  citoycn  du  tiers  etat.  S.  I.,  decembre 
1788.  Pp.  47.  The  author  discusses  the  old  constitution  of  France, 
the  new  constitution  to  be  made,  the  power  of  the  king,  finances,  feudal 
rights,  and  the  question  of  voting  "par  tete"  or  "par  ordre".  A  well 
written  pamphlet. 

Bxamen  des  motifs  des  douze  notables,  au  bureau  de  Monsieur, 
pour  adopter,  contre  I'avis  des  treize,  I' avis  qui  a  prevalu  dans  les  cinq 
autres  bureaux;  suivi  de  courtes  observations  sur  le  "Memoire  des 
princes".    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  30.    Written  in  December  (p.  23). 

Bxamen  du  "Memoire  des  princes  presents  au  roi".  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  33. 

Extraits  du  "Memoire  des  princes  present e  au  roi"  et  notes  rela- 
tives a  ces  extraits.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  10,  in  4°. 

De  la  formation  des  etats  generaux.  S.  I.,  decembre  1788.  Pp.  91. 
On  page  75  is  a  reference  to  the  meeting  of  the  States  General  in 
January,  which  indicates  that  the  pamphlet  was  written  before  Decem- 
ber 27. 

Le  goiwernement  senati-clerico-aristocratique.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  30. 
Written  during  the  latter  half  of  December  (p.  8-9). 

Idee.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  15.  Upon  the  composition  of  the  States 
General.    I  can  only  guess  at  the  date  of  publication. 

IP  suite  de  I'ccrit  intitule:  Les  etats  generaux  convoques  par 
Louis  XVI.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  60.  On  page  24  is  a  reference  to  Decem- 
ber 10,  1788.     As  the  Resultat  du  conseil  of  December  27  is  nowhere 


40  Howard  College  Bulletin 

mentioned,  I  conclude  that  the  pamphlet  was  published  before  the  end 
of  1788.  By  Target.  See  above,  section  II :  Les  etats  generaux  con- 
voques,  etc. 

Invocation  a  la  memoire  auguste  de  feu  monseigneur  le  dauphin, 
pere  du  roi,  mise  en  tete  du  "Memoire  pour  le  peuple  frangais".  Geneve, 
1788.    Pp.  16.    See  below  :  Memoire  pour  le  peuple  frangais. 

Jugement  impartial  sur  les  questions  principales  qui  interessent  le 
tiers  etat,  par  M.  Ducloz  du  Fresnoy,  notaire.  Paris,  1788.  Pp.  21. 
Suggestion  of  a  compromise  between  voting  "par  tete"  and  "par  ordre". 
Cf.  Chassin,  Les  Elections  et  les  Cahiers  de  Paris  en  1789  (Paris, 
1888),  I.  48. 

Lettre  d'lm  citoyen.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  7. 

Lettre  d'un  roturier  aux  nobles,  ses  confreres.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  11. 
On  page  1  the  author  says :  "J'ai  vu  les  Reflexions  d'un  membre  du 
tiers  etat  a  ses  confreres,  et  j'ai  public  cette  lettre".  See  below  for  the 
Reflexions.  Hardy  mentions  the  Lettre  d'un  roturier  in  his  Journal 
(VIII.  90)  under  date  of  December  30,  1788. 

Lettre  de  I' Abbe  de  T'^**  au  comte  de  ***,  sur  la  venalite  des 
ennoblissements  et  les  exemptions  fiscales.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  15. 

Lettre  de  I' Angleterre  a  la  France.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  29. 

Lettre  de  M***  a  M***.    5^.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  16. 

Lettre  des  pairs  au  roi,  du  20  dccembre  1788.  S.  I.  n.  d.  P.  1. 
The  Peers  offer  to  surrender  their  pecuniary  privileges.  This  letter 
attracted  much  attention. 

Lettre  impartiale  d'un  Breton  a  un  extra-provinciaire,  sur  les  vrais 
interets  des  trois  ordres  en  Bretagne.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  34.  On  page  10 
is  a  reference  to  the  "resultats  de  I'assemblee  des  notables".  On  page 
34  is  the  following:  "Tous  ces  objets  vont  etre  eclaircis  dans  I'as- 
semblee des  etats  [de  Bretagne]  qui  ouvrent  le  29  de  ce  mois."  The 
estates  of  Bretagne  were  scheduled  to  meet  on  December  29,  1788. 
Favors  voting  "par  ordre". 

Lettre  sur  le  "Memoire  des  princes  present e  au  roi" .  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  45. 

A  la  memoire  auguste  de  feu  monseigneur  le  dauphin,  pere  du  roi. 
S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  28.    See  below :  Memoire  pour  le  peuple  frangais. 

Memoire  du  peuple  frangais  an  roi.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  13.  Favors 
the  third  estate.    At  the  end  appears :   "23  decembre  1788". 


Howard  College  Studies  41 

Memoire  du  tiers  etat  a  presenter  au  roi.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  8.  A 
paraphrase  of  the  "Memoire  des  princes".    Favors  third  estate. 

Memoire  pour  le  peuple  frangais.  S.  L,  17&8.  Pp.  QQ.  Mentioned 
by  Hardy  in  his  Journal  (VIII.  174)  under  date  of  December  17,  1788. 
In  Correspondance  litteraire,  philosophique  et  critique  de  Grimm  et 
Diderot  depuis  1753  jusqu'en  1790   (Nouvelle  edition.     Paris,  1831), 

XIV.  218,  a  writer,  under  date  of  December,  1788,  attributes  the 
pamphlet  to  Cerutti  and  adds :  "On  en  a  fait  deux  editions  en  moins 
de  quinze  jours.  A  la  tete  de  la  seconde  se  trouve  un  discours  addresse 
a  la  memoire  august e  de  feu  monseigneur  le  dauphin,  pere  du  roi."  The 
Abbe  Cerutti  was  an  Italian  by  extraction  and  an  ex- Jesuit.  In  this 
pamphlet,  with  clarity  and  felicity  of  expression  and  with  ample  refer- 
ences to  Greece  and  Rome,  he  answered  ten  questions  relative  to  the 
current  issues  of  the  day.  He  looked  with  favor  upon  the  bicameral 
system  of  the  English  Parliament.  An  appeal  to  the  dictates  of  reason 
and  justice  rather  than  to  history.  Reprinted  in  La  Revolution  francaise, 

XV.  61-85. 

Memoire  pour  les  cures  de  France,  relativement  a  la  convocation 
prochaine  des  etats  generaux.    Avignon,  1788. 

Memoire  presents  au  roi  par  les  avocats  au  parlement  de  Nor-, 
mandie,  sur  les  etats  generaux.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  15.  In  the  Bibliotheque 
historique  de  la  ville  de  Paris  (604046),  there  is  a  reprint  of  this 
pamphlet  which  gives  the  date  as  December,  1788.  Barbier  gives  the 
place  of  publication  as  Rouen  and  adds :  "Ce  memoire,  signe  au  nom 
des  avocats  par  Ferry,  syndic,  et  Legendre  secretaire,  a  ete  redige  par 
J.-G.  Thouret,  membre  de  I'assemblee  constituante."  Favors  the  de- 
mands of  the  third  estate. 

Memoire  que  presentent  a  MM.  les  maire  et  echevins  de  la  ville 
de  Rouen,  les  commimautes,  corporations  et  citoyens  particuliers  de 
Vordre  du  tiers  etat  de  cette  ville.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  12.  Barbier  gives 
the  date  as  December,  1788,  and  says  that  the  pamphlet  was  drafted 
by  Thouret. 

Memoire  sur  les  rentes  foncieres  dues  aux  gens  de  main-morte  et 
les  avantages  que  I' etat  pent  en  retirer,  en  autorisani  les  debiteurs  a  les 
racheter,  conformement  aux  edits  et  declarations  de  1441,  1539, 
1553  et  1554.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  15.  I  have  been  able  only  to  guess  at 
the  date  of  publication.  The  pamphlet  may  have  been  published  any 
time  between  1785  and  1789. 

Modestes  observations  sur  le  "Memoire  des  princes",  faites  au 
nom  de  23  millions  de  citoyens  frangais.     S.  I.,  22  decembre  1788. 


43  Howard  College  Bulletin 

Pp.  50.     Barbier  attributes  this  pamphlet  to  the  Abbe  Gab.  Brizard 
and  gives  Paris  as  the  place  of  publication. 

A  monseigneur  comte  d'Artois.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  The  author 
of  this  pamphlet  shames  and  excoriates  the  Comte  d'Artois  for  allow- 
ing his  name  to  be  appended  to  the  "Memoire  des  princes",  and  then 
goes  on  to  defend  the  cause  of  the  third  estate. 

A  la  noblesse  de  France,  par  un  gentilhomme  de  province.  S.  L, 
10  decembre  1788.  Pp.  23.  Contends  that  the  votes  should  be  counted 
"par  ordre". 

Nouvelle  discussion  des  motifs  des  douze  notables  dii  bureau  de 
Monsieur,  contre  I'avis  qui  y  a  prevalu.  23  decembre  1788'.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  45.  Defends  the  claims  of  the  third  estate.  At  the  end  is  a  ref- 
erence to  the  "Memoire  des  princes". 

Observations  d'un  membre  du  tiers  etat,  a  tons  ceux  de  son  ordre, 
qui,  dans  ce  moment,  eclaires  sur  ses  veritables  interets,  seraient  fermes 
pour  les  soutenir  inviolablement ;  mais  asses  amis  de  la  paix  pour 
desirer  que  ces  deux  objets  pussent  se  conciler.  Dijon,  decembre  1788. 
Pp.  8.  The  author's  argument  is  as  follows :  Since  the  privileged 
orders  are  willing  to  surrender  their  pecuniary  privileges  and  submit 
to  equal  taxation,  the  third  estate  ought  to  be  satisfied  and  not  urge 
further  concession.  Let  the  three  orders  deliberate  and  vote  separately. 
The  third  estate  has  its  veto  to  protect  its  interest.  The  pamphlet  is 
poorly  printed  and  doubtless  had  a  narrow  circulation. 

Observations  d'un  tiers  sur  les  "Reflexions  d'un  magistral"  con- 
cernant  le  nombre  et  V opinion  par  ordre  et  par  tete.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  22. 
See  above,  section  III :   Reflexions  d'un  magistral. 

Observations  lues  a  MM.  les  representants  du  tiers  etat  de  la  ville 
de  Bordeaux,  le  12  decembre,  par  M.  de  Ladebat,  directeur  et  commis- 
saire-depute  de  I'academie  des  arts.  5.  /.,  1788.  Pp.  28.  Argument 
in  favor  of  the  claims  of  the  third  estate  for  a  double  representation 
in  the  States  General. 

Observations  sur  la  representation  des  trois  ordres  aux  etats 
generaux.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  32.  The  date  is  December  8-15  (See  pages 
6  and  24). 

Observations  sur  le  voeu  des  notables.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  15.  The 
author  says  (p.  4)  that  if  the  government  should  adopt  the  advice  of 
the  notables  there  would  follow  "a  universal  insurrection  of  the  third 
estate  and  the  subversion  of  the  kingdom." 


Howard  College  Studies  43 

Opinion  d'un  ami  de  tout  le  monde.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  8.  I  can  only 
guess  at  the  date  of  publication — may  be  1789. 

Opinion  motivee  d'un  seul  conseiller  des  enquetes  du  parlement  de 
Bretagne.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  12.  Favors  third  estate.  On  page  5  is  a 
reference  to  Dr.  Guillotin's  Petition  des  citoyens  domicilies,  etc.  See 
above,  section  III. 

Plaintes,  doleances,  remontrances  et  voeu  de  N.,  bourgeois  de 
Paris.  S.  I  n.  d.  Pp.  77.  The  title  of  this  pamphlet  appears  in  a 
list  at  the  end  of  Ultimatum  d'un  citoyen  du  tiers  etat  au  "Memoire 
des  princes  presents  au  roi'„  which  was  published  early  in  January, 
1789. 

Plan  pour  la  formation  des  etat  provinciaux  de  la  Lorraine  et  du 
Barrois,  et  pour  I' election  des  deputes  aux  etats  generaux.  S.  l, 
decembre  1788.  Pp.  40.  Argument  in  favor  of  a  double  representa- 
tion for  the  third  estate  in  the  States  General. 

Les  politiques  du  galetas.  S.  l,  1788.  Pp.  28.  A  humorous  dis- 
cussion of  the  numerous  pamphlets  of  the  day. 

Post-scriptum  de  I'essai  sur  la  maniere  de  composer  et  de  con- 
voquer  les  etats  generaux.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  16. 

Le  pour  et  le  contre  dans  I'affaire  qui  fait  tant  de  bruit 

S.  l,  decembre  1788.    Pp.  176. 

Les  pourquoi  d'un  homme  ignorant  et  les  parce  que  d'un  homme 
sincere,  publies  par  un  homme  discret,  pour  instruction  des  hommes 
du  tier's  etat.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  17.  Questions  and  answers.  The  deci- 
sion of  the  notables  is  referred  to  in  the  past  tense.  Hence  date  of 
publication  was  after  December  12. 

Premiere  lettre  d'un  citoyen  aux  trois  ordres  de  Dauphine,  en 
reponse  a  lettre  des  trois  ordres  au  roi.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  24.  At  the 
end  is  the  following:  "Paris,  ce  8  decembre  1788".  Favors  delibera- 
tion and  voting  "par  ordre".  The  enemy  is  ministerial  despotism.  See 
above,  section  III :   Lettre  ecrite  au  roi  par  les  trois  ordres,  etc. 

Pro  jet  de  reponse  a  un  memoire  repandu  sous  le  titre  de  "Memoire 
des  princes".  21  decembre  1788.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.51.  Reprinted  under 
the  title-  Pro  jet  de  reponse  du  roi  a  un  ccrit  repandu  sous  le  titre, 
"Memoire  des  princes".  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  31.  By  the  Abbe  Morellet, 
according  to  Barbier.  See  above,  section  III:  Observations  sur  le 
projet  de  former  une  assemblee  nationale,  etc. 


44  Howard  College  Bulletin 

Pro  jet  pour  Vassemblee  des  etats  generaux.  Au  pays  des  chimeres, 
decembre  1788.  Pp.  12.  The  false  title  is  L' opinion  d'un  avocat  dans 
la  cause  commune. 

Quelques  idees  sur  les  grands  questions  du  moment,  par  le  marquis 
de  Casaux,  de  la  societe  royale  de  Londres  et  de  celle  d'agriculture 
de  Florence.  S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  45.  Almost  wholly  devoted  to  the 
advocacy  of  voting  "par  tete".  Written  after  December  5  (See  pages 
3  and  7).  On  page  24  is  a  reference  to  Mirabeau's  pamphlet  Sur  la 
liberte  de  la  presse.    See  above,  section  II :    Questions  a  examiner,  etc. 

Quelques  mots  a  la  noblesse  et  au  tiers  etat.    S.  I.  n.  d.     Pp.  34. 

Reflexion  faite  un  peu  tard,  ou  le  voyageur  babillard.  Dediee  a 
mylord  W***.    Londres,  1788.    Pp.  32. 

Reflexions  d'un  membrc  de  I'ordre  du  tiers  etat.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp. 
123.  Contends  that  the  king  is  free  to  convoke  and  compose  the  States 
General  as  he  pleases.  Written  after  October  5  but  not  published  till 
after  December  22  (See  pages  18  and  112). 

Reflexions  sur  le  "Memoire  des  princes",  par  un  avocat  de 
province.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  16. 

Reflexions  sur  les  tongues  et  utiles  operations  des  notables. 
S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  12. 

Reponse  au  memoire  de  quelques  princes  du  sang.  S.  I.  n.  d. 
Pp.  13. 

Reponse  d'un  medecin  de  village  a  la  petition  du  Dr.  G***. 
Pp.  24.  Signed:  D***.  D***.  For  Dr.  Guillotin's  pamphlet  see 
above,  section  III :  Petition  des  citoyens  domicilies,  etc. 

Reponse  de  monseigneur  comte  d'Artois  aux  lettres  adressees  a 
son  alt  esse  royale.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  16.  In  this  pamphlet  the  Comte 
d'Artois  is  made  to  say  a  number  of  silly  things.  He  complains  that 
the  beaux  esprits  are  getting  too  familiar  with  him,  and  denies  that  he 
spends  every  night  "caballing"  with  women,  etc. 

Reponse  de  M.  de  Calonne  a  la  lettre  de  M.  de  B eyerie,  conseiller 
au  parlement  de  Nancy.  Londres,  1788.  Pp.  20.  Bears  date  of 
December  5. 

Requite  d'un  cultivateur  au  roi,  apres  la  retraite  des  notables. 
S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  16.    A  plan  for  financial  reforms. 

S'il  est  de  I'interet  du  tiers  etat  de  se  choisir  des  representants  dans 
son  sein  exclusivement.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  4.  Contends  that  the  third 
estate  should  be  free  to  choose  nobles  as  its  deputies. 


Howard  College  Studies  45 

Seconde  lettre  a  Monsieur  le  comte  d'Artois.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  14. 
Tells  the  Comte  how  unpopular  he  is  becoming  and  invites  him  to  pay 
attention  to  public  opinion. 

Seconde  lettre  de  M.  le  comte  de  S  .  .  .  .  t,  en  reponse  a  celle  de 
M.  Del  .  .  .  .  y  I'aine.    S.  I.  n.  d.    Pp.  19.    Bears  date  of  December  9. 

Soyons  de  bonne  foi.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  32.  At  the  end  is  the  fol- 
lowing: "Le  comte  Duprat,  decembre  1788".  Contends  that  neither 
the  parlements  nor  the  Court  wants  the  States  General.  See  above, 
section  II :   A  qui  voudra  me  lire. 

Suite  des  "Lettres  aux  notables  sur  la  forme  et  I'objet  des  etats 
generaux,  par  M.  P.-V.  C along es" .  Londres,  1788.  Pp.  61-108.  The 
pagination  follows  directly  that  of  the  "Lettres".  See  above,  section 
III :  Lettres  aux  notables,  etc. 

Sur  la  petition  proposee  aux  Parisiens.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  8.  Refer- 
ence to  Dr.  Guillotin's  Petition  des  citoyens  domicilies,  etc.  See  above, 
section  III. 

Le  tiers  etat  au  roi.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  61.  Favors  the  contentions 
of  the  third  estate.  Preceding  the  title-page  is  a  letter  to  the  king  thus 
dated :   "Rodez,  le  20  decembre  1788".    The  letter  is  signed :   Louchet. 

Un  bonhomme  aux  etats  generaux,  sur  quelques  objets  relatifs 
aux  arts;  sur  M.  Poyct  et  les  plagiaires,  etc.,  etc.,  etc.,  Londres, 
decembre  1788.     Pp.  28. 

La  veritable  sentinelle  du  peuple.  S.  I.  n.  d.  Pp.  18.  Hardy 
mentions  this  pamphlet  in  his  Journal  under  date  of  December  22,  1788. 

Verites  philosophiques  et  patriotiques  sur  les  affaires  presentes. 
S.  I.,  1788.  Pp.  24.  Deals  with  the  behavior  of  the  Breton  nobility. 
Barbier  attributes  this  pamphlet  to  Jacques-Guillaume  Thouret,  but 
adds :  "La  brochure  dont  il  s'agit  ici  est  citee  dans  "I'lntroduction  au 
Moniteur",  p.  229;  mais  M.  Thouret  fils  m'a  declare  n'avoir  aucune 
connaissance  de  cet  ecrit,  attribue  sans  doute  trop  legerement  a  son 
illustre  pere."     I  can  only  guess  at  the  date  of  publication. 


46  Howard  College  Bulletin 


Book  Review 

TOULOUSE  IN  THE  RENAISSANCE 
John  C.  Dawson,  Columbia  University  Press,  New  York  City,  pp.  190 

Dr.  Dawson's  Toulouse  in  the  Renaissance  consists  of  three  closely  inter- 
related studies.  The  first,  entitled  "The  Floral  Games  of  Toulouse,"  is  a  his- 
torical treatment  of  early  phases  of  French  literature  and  is  primarily  of  in- 
terest to  students  of  Romance  poetry.  The  second  study,  "University  and  Stu- 
dent Life  at  Toulouse  in  the  Sixteenth  Century,"  and  the  third,  "Etienne  Dolet  at 
Toulouse,"  give  us  a  picture  of  university  student  life  in  the  sixteenth  century 
which,  as  far  as  the  writer's  knowledge  goes,  is  unequalled  for  concreteness  and 
vividness  by  anything  extant  in  the  English  language.  The  author  of  Toulouse 
in  the  Renaissance  has  brought  to  his  work  what  is  among  American  students 
of  education  an  altogether  exceptional  liguistic  equipment,  through  which  he 
has  made  available  contemporary  records  of  the  Nations,  the  records  of  the 
Floral  Games,  the  minutes  of  local  governmental  bodies,  and  private  corre- 
spondence of  principals.  Out  of  this  source  material  he  has  developed  a  stirring 
narrative  of  real  persons  and  vital  social  movements. 

The  part  of  the  book  which  deals  with  university  life  at  Toulouse  is  from 
many  points  of  view  attractive  to  the  student  of  education.  For  one  who  is 
particularly  desirous  of  sensing  the  relationships  of  the  university  to  the  Church, 
the  Crown,  the  municipal  government,  and  the  rising  parlements  at  a  time  of 
active  social  reorganization,  there  is  given  an  amount  of  concrete  detail  which 
lifts  the  mediaeval  university  out  of  the  half-lights  in  which  we  too  customarily 
see  it  and  shows  the  quick  and  violent  response  which  that  institution  was  making 
to  the  surrounding  life  forces  of  the  sixteenth  century.  The  conflict  between 
the  old  learning  of  the  schools  and  the  new  learning  of  the  Humanists,  the  clash 
of  reformer  and  conservative  in  religion,  the  continuous  and  bitter  rivalry  be- 
tween "town  and  gown",  and  the  turbulent  activities  of  the  student  body  organ- 
ized into  their  nations,  are  made  to  live  again  in  the  pages  of  this  book. 

The  effectiveness  of  Dr.  Dawson's  presentation  results  in  large  part  from 
its  wealth  of  concrete  detail.  He  shows  us  the  nations  not  only  as  aspects  of 
university  administration,  but  also  as  a  fraternity  of  warm  hearted  and  very  red- 
headed youths  who  were  living  temporarily  in  a  hostile  environment  where 
organization  was  the  only  means  of  safety,  and,  one  might  well  add,  the  pro- 
vocative cause  of  most  of  their  dangers.  How  different  a  notion  does  one  have 
regarding  the  "prior,"  or  president  of  the  nation,  when  we  know  him  by  name 
and  follow  him — the  most  doughty  fighter,  the  most  engaging  and  diplomatic 
leader  of  his  friends,  and  the  bitterest  and  most  daring  aggressor  against  the 
nations'  foes,  through  the  exciting  and  sometimes  sanguinary  adventures  which 
Dr.  Dawson  recounts  out  of  that  three  hundred  year  old  record  book  of  the 
nation  of  Provence.  And  Etienne  Dolet — sword  fighter,  humanist,  orator,  poet, 
ladies'  man,  with  a  strong  dash  of  bad  boy — what  a  tremendous  fellow  he  was ! 

Dr.  Dawson  has  made  in  Toulouse  in  the  Renaissance  a  great  contribution 
to  our  understanding  of  mediaeval  and  renaissance  education.  The  book  should 
be  known  to  all  students  of  the  history  of  education. 

EDWARD  H.  REISNER, 
Professor  of  History  of  Education, 
Teachers  College,  Columbia  University. 


Vol.  LXXXI  December,  1923  No.  4 

CONTENTS 

The  Custom  of  the  Essay  in  the  Poetic  Contests  of  the  College  of 

Rhetoric  at  Toulouse John  C.  Dawson 

Dramatic  Economy  in  "The  Return  of  the  Native" Percy  P.  Burns 

The  Rise  of  Alabama  Baptists James  A.  Hendricks 

The   Convocation  of   the   States   General,   July   5-September   25, 

1788 Mitchell  B.  Garrett 

Philosophy  of  Method  in  Teaching Wm.  E.  Bohannon 

Vol.  LXXXII  May,  1924  No.  5 

CONTENTS 

Hosea  Holcombe  and  Early  Alabama  Baptists   (Chapters  3  and 

4) James  Albert  Hendricks 

The  Controversy  Over  the   Composition  of   the   States-General, 

September  25-November  6,  1788 Mitchell  Bennett  Garrett 

Vol.  LXXn  December,  1924  No.  4 

CONTENTS 
Cromwell's  Relations  with  Spain Virginia  Holliman 


UNJVBSITY  OF  CALIF 

UflRARY, 


UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA  LIBRARY 

Los  Angeles 
This  book  is  DUE  on  the  last  date  stamped  below. 


RFC'D  URL-LD 

•"Wis  ^ 


^AY  2  2 1967 


IT    REC'D  iD-m: 

-'AN  1 2  I97S 
JAN    81376 


JAN  1 4 
DEC    1  J979 


(ir 


DATE  SENT 

MAR  081995 

MAR171395 


A 


L^r 0  B  2000 


DUE  3  MONTHS  FROM 
DATE  RECEIVED 


Form  L9-Series  444 


